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| Agradecimentos e resumo | 423.97 KB | Adobe PDF | ||
| Documento principal | 11.11 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação apresenta o planeamento e optimização de uma rede sem fios IEEE 802.16-2004 no concelho e cidade da Covilhã. Os sistemas BWA (Broadband Wireless Access) surgiram como uma solução para o acesso à banda larga sem fios. Estes sistemas foram desenvolvidos para transmitir dados e serviços multimédia com diferentes requisitos de qualidade de serviço ao nível de redes cabladas. Começa-se por realizar uma descrição geral do WiMAX, baseado nas normas IEEE 802.16-2004 e IEEE 802.16e, mostrando-se que apesar das diferenças as duas tecnologias não são oponentes, mas sim complementares de modo a fornecerem uma solução integrada para o acesso às redes de comunicação. Em seguida abordaram-se os conceitos fundamentais para o planeamento celular, nomeadamente propagação, cobertura, reutilização e capacidade de sistema. Elabora-ram-se bases de dados topográficos e de vector para o concelho e da cidade da Covilhã, no software WallMan do WinProp a partir de dados extraídos do ArcView, utilizando a base de dados do cenário e as características das antenas da BS (Base Station). Realizou-se também uma abordagem analítica detalhada para a escolha adequada do padrão de reutilização com o objectivo de optimizar a cobertura, minimizar a interferência e aumentar a capacidade global do sistema. Verifica-se que o sistema apresenta resultados mais favoráveis para o padrão de reutilização com a utilização de antenas sectoriais em vez de antenas omnidireccionais, melhorando-se a significativamente a capacidade de sistema, por exemplo, com um raio de cobertura máximo de 1.2 km, consegue-se passar de uma modulação 16-QAM ½, que corresponde ao ritmo de transmissão de 4.23 Mbps, sem sectorização para a modulação 16-QAM ¾ (5.64 Mbps), com sectorização. No UL sem a opção de sub-canalização alcançamos uma modulação de ordem inferior num raio até 2 km. No entanto, com a sub-canalização melhora-se o desempenho em termos de cobertura, alcançando-se aproximadamente 6 km de raio e passando-se de 2.82 Mbps para 4.23 Mbps. A redução do padrão de reutilização corresponde de forma directa a um aumento de capacidade e não à melhoria de cobertura, embora de forma indirecta também permita melhorar a capacidade do sistema, dado que se utiliza a modulação e codificação adaptativa. Em conclusão, no concelho da Covilhã verifica-se que, com um padrão de reutilização igual a 7, é possível elaborar-se uma rede com desempenho adequado com dezoito estações base tri-sectoriais.
The purpose of this thesis is to present the optimization and network planning of a wireless IEEE 802.16-2004 network in the district and city of Covilhã. BWA (Broadband Wireless Access) systems appeared as a solution for broadband access through wireless network. These systems were developed to transmit data and multimedia services with different quality of service (QoS) requirements at the level of cabled network. One starts by performing a general description of WiMAX based on the IEEE 802.16-2004 and IEEE 802.16e standards, showing that in spite of the differences the two technologies are not opponent but complementary in providing an integrated solution for BWA networks. Then, the fundamental concepts of cellular planning, propagation, coverage, and reuse are addressed. Topographical and urban (vector data) databases were built for the district and city of Covilhã, in the WallMan of WinProp software, with data extracted from ArcView. An analytical approach for the appropriate choice of the reuse pattern was also addressed with the objective of optimizing the coverage and minimizing the interference, and to increase the global system capacity. Better results are achieved with the use of sector antennas instead of omnidirectional ones. The use of sectorization considerably improves system capacity, for instance, for a cell radius of 1.2 km, without sectorization, the results change from 16-QAM ½, which corresponds to a maximum data rate of 4.23 Mbps, for the 16-QAM ¾ modulation (5.64 Mbps). In UL without the option of sub-canalization, a lower order MCS (modulation and coding scheme) is achieved for a cell radius of 2 km, while with the use of sub-channelization better coverage is achieved, with a cell radius of approximately 6 km while improving from 2.82 to 4.23 Mbps. The decrease of the reuse pattern directly corresponds to an increase of system capacity and not to the improvement of system capacity, although, in an indirect way, it also allows for the improvement of system capacity through the use of adaptive MCS. In a final analysis of the planning results in the district of Covilhã, one verifies that, with a reuse pattern equal to 7, it is possible to perform an appropriate network planning with eighteen tri-sectorial base stations.
The purpose of this thesis is to present the optimization and network planning of a wireless IEEE 802.16-2004 network in the district and city of Covilhã. BWA (Broadband Wireless Access) systems appeared as a solution for broadband access through wireless network. These systems were developed to transmit data and multimedia services with different quality of service (QoS) requirements at the level of cabled network. One starts by performing a general description of WiMAX based on the IEEE 802.16-2004 and IEEE 802.16e standards, showing that in spite of the differences the two technologies are not opponent but complementary in providing an integrated solution for BWA networks. Then, the fundamental concepts of cellular planning, propagation, coverage, and reuse are addressed. Topographical and urban (vector data) databases were built for the district and city of Covilhã, in the WallMan of WinProp software, with data extracted from ArcView. An analytical approach for the appropriate choice of the reuse pattern was also addressed with the objective of optimizing the coverage and minimizing the interference, and to increase the global system capacity. Better results are achieved with the use of sector antennas instead of omnidirectional ones. The use of sectorization considerably improves system capacity, for instance, for a cell radius of 1.2 km, without sectorization, the results change from 16-QAM ½, which corresponds to a maximum data rate of 4.23 Mbps, for the 16-QAM ¾ modulation (5.64 Mbps). In UL without the option of sub-canalization, a lower order MCS (modulation and coding scheme) is achieved for a cell radius of 2 km, while with the use of sub-channelization better coverage is achieved, with a cell radius of approximately 6 km while improving from 2.82 to 4.23 Mbps. The decrease of the reuse pattern directly corresponds to an increase of system capacity and not to the improvement of system capacity, although, in an indirect way, it also allows for the improvement of system capacity through the use of adaptive MCS. In a final analysis of the planning results in the district of Covilhã, one verifies that, with a reuse pattern equal to 7, it is possible to perform an appropriate network planning with eighteen tri-sectorial base stations.
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Keywords
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) Rede sem fios Planeamento celular - Propagação Planeamento celular - Cobertura Planeamento celular - Reutilização WiMAX móvel - Norma IEEE 802.16
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Universidade da Beira Interior