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Abstract(s)
A crise migratória, dos últimos anos na Europa, é muito impactante tanto no
cenário político quanto na sociedade europeia como todo. Com a frequente notícia de
mortos em virtude dos naufrágios e de denúncias de violações de direitos humanos dos
refugiados e imigrantes clandestinos que tentam atravessar o Mediterrâneo para
chegarem a Europa, o debate sobre migração passou a ser destaque nos Mídias e a
prioridade nas agendas da política migratória da União Europeia. O estudo em questão
é significativo nos estudos na área de relações internacionais, pois, trata-se não só da
questão de contenção de fluxos migratórios, (segurança marítima Europa-Líbia) mas
também da proteção dos direitos humanos dos imigrantes.
Nesta dissertação, propõe-se analisar a resposta da UE face à crise migratória de
2015, à luz daquilo que é o compromisso com o quadro de direitos humanos que existe
na ordem liberal internacional. Nessa lógica, para prosseguir com o estudo do tema, foi
necessário averiguar um conjunto de documentos legais, instrumentos estratégicos e
jurisprudências da UE, para perceber se a resposta da UE face a crise é ou não coerente
com os valores de proteção dos direitos humanos. Consequentemente, conclui-se que, a
forma como a UE tem gerido a política migratória durante a crise de 2015 é incoerente e
inconciliável com as normas de direito internacional dos direitos humanos, como
também contraditório com aquilo que a própria UE defende (Princípios e valores
constitucionais da UE).
A União Europeia entremeou uma resposta diferente face à crise, ora projeta a
política mais restritiva à migração e, ao mesmo tempo enfatiza uma política humanitária,
muito mais discursiva do que prática. Focou-se muito mais no controle de fronteira, e
muitos Estados-Membros tiveram uma postura restritiva face ao acolhimento e à
proteção dessas pessoas. Partindo dessa lógica, e olhando pela perspetiva da teoria
liberal, verifica-se uma contradição face às restrições das fronteiras e ao princípio básico
de livre circulação e a proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana que os Estados liberais
defendem. Por outro lado, à luz de uma teoria crítica pós-colonial, pode-se dizer que esta
crise migratória, ilustra uma relação centro periférica da UE com os países africanos, de
onde são originários esses indivíduos, que demonstra a forma como há uma relação do
poder desigual e com a herança colonial ainda na relação de tratamento da questão
migratória.
The migration crisis in recent years in Europe is very impacting both on the political scene and on European society as a whole. With the frequent news of deaths due to shipwrecks and reports of human rights violations of refugees and illegal immigrants who try to cross the Mediterranean to reach Europe, the debate on migration has become a highlight in the media and a priority on political agenda migration from the European Union. The study in question is significant to the reseach in the field of international relations, as it is not only about the issue of containment of migratory flows (EuropeLibya maritime security) but also the protection of the human rights of immigrants. This dissertation, proposes to analyze the EU's response to the 2015 migration crisis in the light of what is the commitment to the human rights framework that exists in the international liberal order. In this logic, to proceed with the study of the subject, it was necessary to investigate sets of legal documents, strategic instruments and EU jurisprudence to understand whether the EU's response to the crisis is or is not consistent with the values of the protection of human rights. Consequently, it is concluded that the way the EU has managed migration policy during the 2015 crisis is incoherent and irreconcilable with the norms of international human rights law, as well as contradictory to what the EU itself defends (Constitutional principles and values of the EU). The European Union has come up with a different response towards the crisis, it projects the most restrictive policy on migration and at the same time emphasizes humanitarian policy that was much more discursive than practical. It has focused much more on border control, and many Member States have taken a restrictive stance towards welcoming and protecting these people. Based on this logic, and looking from the perspective of liberal theory, there is a contradiction in what concerns border restrictions and the basic principle of free movement and the protection of the dignity of the human person that liberal states defend. On the other hand, in the light of a post-colonial critical theory, it can be said that this migration crisis illustrates a peripheral central relationship of the EU with the African countries from which these individuals originate, which shows how there is an unequal relationship of power and with the colonial heritage still present in the relationship of treatment of the migration issue.
The migration crisis in recent years in Europe is very impacting both on the political scene and on European society as a whole. With the frequent news of deaths due to shipwrecks and reports of human rights violations of refugees and illegal immigrants who try to cross the Mediterranean to reach Europe, the debate on migration has become a highlight in the media and a priority on political agenda migration from the European Union. The study in question is significant to the reseach in the field of international relations, as it is not only about the issue of containment of migratory flows (EuropeLibya maritime security) but also the protection of the human rights of immigrants. This dissertation, proposes to analyze the EU's response to the 2015 migration crisis in the light of what is the commitment to the human rights framework that exists in the international liberal order. In this logic, to proceed with the study of the subject, it was necessary to investigate sets of legal documents, strategic instruments and EU jurisprudence to understand whether the EU's response to the crisis is or is not consistent with the values of the protection of human rights. Consequently, it is concluded that the way the EU has managed migration policy during the 2015 crisis is incoherent and irreconcilable with the norms of international human rights law, as well as contradictory to what the EU itself defends (Constitutional principles and values of the EU). The European Union has come up with a different response towards the crisis, it projects the most restrictive policy on migration and at the same time emphasizes humanitarian policy that was much more discursive than practical. It has focused much more on border control, and many Member States have taken a restrictive stance towards welcoming and protecting these people. Based on this logic, and looking from the perspective of liberal theory, there is a contradiction in what concerns border restrictions and the basic principle of free movement and the protection of the dignity of the human person that liberal states defend. On the other hand, in the light of a post-colonial critical theory, it can be said that this migration crisis illustrates a peripheral central relationship of the EU with the African countries from which these individuals originate, which shows how there is an unequal relationship of power and with the colonial heritage still present in the relationship of treatment of the migration issue.
Description
Keywords
Direitos Humanos Líbia Política Migratória Refugiados União Europeia