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Abstract(s)
A obesidade em geral e a obesidade infantil em particular é um grave problema de saúde pública. Esta doença afeta com maior incidência os países desenvolvidos e nos últimos anos temos assistido a um aumento significativo e preocupante da mesma. Em Portugal mais de 50 por cento da população tem excesso de peso. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender de que forma o programa de exercício físico “Pro-lúdico” inicialmente desenvolvido por Martins et al (2011) e adaptado por nós (anexo 1), influencia o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), a Percentagem de Massa Gorda (PMG) e o Perímetro da Cintura (PC) de crianças do 2º ciclo do ensino básico. Da amostra total (n=36), composta por alunos do Agrupamento de Escolas de São Miguel – Guarda, foram criados dois grupos: o grupo experimental total (GET) (n=18) e o grupo de controlo total (GCT) (n=18) – e dois subgrupos que fazem parte dos grupos anteriores respetivamente: o grupo experimental só com sobrepeso e obesidade (GESO) (n=5) e o grupo de controlo só com sobrepeso e obesidade (GCSO) (n=5). A média de idades da amostra é de 11,3 anos (± 1,12). O GET participou no programa de atividade física que teve a duração de 12 semanas com 2 sessões semanais de 45 minutos cada totalizando um total de 24 sessões. Para comparação das médias obtidas nos parâmetros avaliados foi utilizado o programa SPSS e os testes não paramétricos de Mann-Whitney-U e de Wilcoxon (p< 0,05). Os resultados mostraram que no GET houve diminuição da PMG e do IMC de forma significativa e o PC diminui, embora esta descida não seja significativa. No GCT não houve alterações significativas da PMG e por sua vez o IMC e o PC aumentaram significativamente. Quando analisamos só os alunos com sobrepeso e obesidade verificamos que acontece uma subida significativa do peso no GCSO, enquanto no GESO esse aumento não atinge significância estatística. No GESO em relação ao IMC, acontece uma descida significativa. No que concerne ao GCSO o IMC aumenta muito e de forma significativa. Nos restantes parâmetros não houve alterações significativas. Através dos resultados do presente estudo verificamos que o programa de exercício físico ”Pró-lúdico” contribuiu para a redução significativa de alguns fatores de risco para a saúde. Em síntese, este trabalho fortalece as atuais evidências acerca da importância da implementação de programas de atividade física com o objetivo de prevenção e tratamento de crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade.
Obesity in general terms and obesity in childhood is a serious problem of public health. This disease affects mostly the developed countries and in the last years we have been assisting to a significant and worrying increasement of it. In Portugal more than 50 percent of the population is overweight. The main goal of this work was to understand in which way the Physical Exercise Program “Prolúdico”, initially developed by Martins et al (2011) and adapted by us (annex 1), influences the Body Mass Index (IMC), the percentage of fat mass, and the waist circumference of the participants. From the total sample (n=36), composed by students of the Agrupamento de Escolas de S. Miguel – Guarda, two groups were created: The total experimental group (GET) (n=18) and the total control group (GCT) (n=18) – and two subgroups that make part of the groups referred before, respectively: the experimental group only with overweight and obesity (GESO) (n=5) and the control group only with overweight and obesity (GCSO) (n=5). The average age of the sample is 11,3 years (+- 1,12). The GET participated in the Physical Exercise Program, which lasted 12 weeks with two weekly sessions of 45 minutes each, making a total of 24 sessions. To compare the average obtained in the parameters evaluated it was used the SPSS program and the non-parametric tests of Mann-Whitney- U and Wilcoxon (p< 0,05). The results showed that in the Get there was a decrease of the PMG and of the IMC in a significant way and the PC decreased but not in a significant way. In the GCT there were no significant changes of the PMG and on the other hand the IMC and the PC increased significantly. When we analyze just the overweighed students and obesity we verify that there is a significant rise of weight in the GCSO, while in the GESO that rise is not significant in a statistic way. In GESO, in relation to the IMC, there is a significant decline. As far as GCSO is concerned the IMC increases a lot and in a significant way. In the other parameters there were no significant changes. Through the results of this study we verify that the Physical Exercise Program “Pró-lúdico” contributes to a significant reduction of some health risk factors. As a conclusion, this study strengthens the current evidences about the importance of Physical Exercise Programs with the aim to prevent and treat children who are overweighed and obesity.
Obesity in general terms and obesity in childhood is a serious problem of public health. This disease affects mostly the developed countries and in the last years we have been assisting to a significant and worrying increasement of it. In Portugal more than 50 percent of the population is overweight. The main goal of this work was to understand in which way the Physical Exercise Program “Prolúdico”, initially developed by Martins et al (2011) and adapted by us (annex 1), influences the Body Mass Index (IMC), the percentage of fat mass, and the waist circumference of the participants. From the total sample (n=36), composed by students of the Agrupamento de Escolas de S. Miguel – Guarda, two groups were created: The total experimental group (GET) (n=18) and the total control group (GCT) (n=18) – and two subgroups that make part of the groups referred before, respectively: the experimental group only with overweight and obesity (GESO) (n=5) and the control group only with overweight and obesity (GCSO) (n=5). The average age of the sample is 11,3 years (+- 1,12). The GET participated in the Physical Exercise Program, which lasted 12 weeks with two weekly sessions of 45 minutes each, making a total of 24 sessions. To compare the average obtained in the parameters evaluated it was used the SPSS program and the non-parametric tests of Mann-Whitney- U and Wilcoxon (p< 0,05). The results showed that in the Get there was a decrease of the PMG and of the IMC in a significant way and the PC decreased but not in a significant way. In the GCT there were no significant changes of the PMG and on the other hand the IMC and the PC increased significantly. When we analyze just the overweighed students and obesity we verify that there is a significant rise of weight in the GCSO, while in the GESO that rise is not significant in a statistic way. In GESO, in relation to the IMC, there is a significant decline. As far as GCSO is concerned the IMC increases a lot and in a significant way. In the other parameters there were no significant changes. Through the results of this study we verify that the Physical Exercise Program “Pró-lúdico” contributes to a significant reduction of some health risk factors. As a conclusion, this study strengthens the current evidences about the importance of Physical Exercise Programs with the aim to prevent and treat children who are overweighed and obesity.
Description
Keywords
Exercício físico - Obesidade - Alunos Exercício físico - Sobrepeso - Alunos Exercício físico - Índice de massa corporal (IMC) - Alunos Exercício físico - Percentagem de massa gorda (PMG) - Alunos Exercício físico - Perímetro da cintura (PC) - Alunos