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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os ocupantes de edifícios habitacionais passam grande parte do tempo de vida no seu interior, aumentando os riscos para a sua segurança, saúde e bem-estar. Estes riscos estão relacionados com a qualidade do ar interior, temperaturas extremas, valores da humidade relativa interior, pragas, bolores, infestações, ruído, doenças infeciosas transportadas pelo ar, contaminação através da água e do solo, entre outros, e podem provocar lesões de caráter físico, doenças do foro respiratório e em órgãos internos, envenenamento e efeitos nefastos na saúde mental dos ocupantes, evidenciando a importância desta nova abordagem às questões da habitabilidade.
A presente dissertação tem como principal objetivo a criação e aplicação de um modelo de avaliação com vista a avaliar a segurança e saúde na habitação, de acordo com a composição do agregado familiar que a ocupa. Para o desenvolvimento do modelo proposto, procedeu-se à identificação de um conjunto de exigências funcionais e regulamentares a que as habitações devem dar resposta, estudaram-se modelos de avaliação e listaram-se os principais tipos de perigo que poderão afetar a saúde dos residentes. Em resultado desta análise propõe-se um modelo de avaliação de segurança e saúde na habitação, aplicável em Portugal, que é suportada numa ficha de inspeção e em medições que fornecem dados complementares para a avaliação. É descrita a forma de determinação da classe de risco, suportada por um website, contemplando a probabilidade de ocorrência, os fatores de risco e a composição do agregado familiar, e propõe-se um modelo de relatório síntese.
Para validar o funcionamento e utilidade do modelo de avaliação, aplicou-se a metodologia a um conjunto de 8 habitações de diferentes épocas construtivas, com diferentes localizações e composições de agregado familiar, o que permitiu classificar a classe de risco e retirar algumas conclusões relativas à aplicação do modelo.
O modelo de avaliação proposto tem interesse para a caracterização das habitações, identificando as possíveis situações de risco, permitindo implementar medidas de melhoria, de forma a garantir condições adequadas de segurança e saúde para os ocupantes, em função dos diferentes grupos etários.
Por fim apresentam-se as principais conclusões do trabalho e algumas propostas para o desenvolvimento de trabalhos futuros.
Housing building dwellers spend a great portion of their lifetime inside them, thus increasing the hazards they are subjected to, regarding their safety, health and well-being. These hazards are related to a number of factors, such as interior air quality, extreme temperatures, relative humidity levels, swarms, mold, infestations, noise, airborne infectious diseases, contamination through water and soil, a.s.o, and they may cause physical lesions, respiratory diseases and internal organ damage, poisoning as well as malicious effects in the dwellers’ mental health. Thus is demonstrated the importance of this new approach to the topic of habitability. This dissertation’s main purpose is the creation and application of an evaluation modelfor housing health and safety, in accordance with the household composition. In order to develop the model, a number of functional and regulatory demands required of housing properties were identified, other evaluation models were studied and the main hazards to the residents were listed. From this analysis,a model was put forth for the evaluation of housing health and safety, which is applicable in Portugal and supported via an inspection sheet and complementary data obtained through measurements taken in the household. The method for hazard class determination is described, supported by a website, where probability of occurrence, risk factors and household composition are taken into account. Lastly, a sintetic report template is presented. For the purpose of validating the method and utility of the model, it was applied to a set of dwellings with different construction times, locations and household compositions, allowing for the identification of hazard classes and come to some conclusions as to theapplication of the model. The proposed evaluation model is relevant to housing characterization, identifying possible hazardous situations and allowing the implementation of improvements, as to assure adequate health and safety conditions to the dwellers, as a function of the different age groups. On a final chapter, the main conclusions are presented and some future work topics are suggested.
Housing building dwellers spend a great portion of their lifetime inside them, thus increasing the hazards they are subjected to, regarding their safety, health and well-being. These hazards are related to a number of factors, such as interior air quality, extreme temperatures, relative humidity levels, swarms, mold, infestations, noise, airborne infectious diseases, contamination through water and soil, a.s.o, and they may cause physical lesions, respiratory diseases and internal organ damage, poisoning as well as malicious effects in the dwellers’ mental health. Thus is demonstrated the importance of this new approach to the topic of habitability. This dissertation’s main purpose is the creation and application of an evaluation modelfor housing health and safety, in accordance with the household composition. In order to develop the model, a number of functional and regulatory demands required of housing properties were identified, other evaluation models were studied and the main hazards to the residents were listed. From this analysis,a model was put forth for the evaluation of housing health and safety, which is applicable in Portugal and supported via an inspection sheet and complementary data obtained through measurements taken in the household. The method for hazard class determination is described, supported by a website, where probability of occurrence, risk factors and household composition are taken into account. Lastly, a sintetic report template is presented. For the purpose of validating the method and utility of the model, it was applied to a set of dwellings with different construction times, locations and household compositions, allowing for the identification of hazard classes and come to some conclusions as to theapplication of the model. The proposed evaluation model is relevant to housing characterization, identifying possible hazardous situations and allowing the implementation of improvements, as to assure adequate health and safety conditions to the dwellers, as a function of the different age groups. On a final chapter, the main conclusions are presented and some future work topics are suggested.
Description
Keywords
Avaliação Habitação Saúde Segurança.