| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.97 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As crianças com dificuldades visuais estão mais predispostas a problemas de aprendizagem,
de desenvolvimento e baixa auto-estima. Os erros refrativos e a ambliopia são das principais
causas de perda de visão em crianças. No entanto, muitas vezes é difícil, para os
encarregados de educação e professores, detetar sinais de que as crianças apresentam
problemas de visão. É por isso de máxima importância a realização de rastreios visuais nas
escolas para que seja possível a deteção e correção de anomalias visuais atempadamente.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relacionar a acuidade visual (AV) com a presença de
erros refrativos em crianças de 5 anos e encontrar um valor normativo da AV, com cartas
LEA, para a mesma idade.
Metodologia: Este estudo englobou crianças que frequentavam o último ano do ensino préescolar dos Jardins de Infância Públicos e das Instituições Particulares de Solidariedade
Social (IPSS) sob a influência do Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde (ACES) do Médio Tejo.
A amostra final contou com 2866 crianças com 5 anos (1455 meninos e 1411 meninas). O
protocolo do rastreio envolveu a aquisição de dados relativos à medida da acuidade visual
com cartas LEA e medição da refração automática através do aparelho plusoptix.
Resultados: Das crianças que participaram neste estudo, 24,5% apresentaram erros
refrativos significativos, sendo o mais prevalente a hipermetropia e o astigmatismo. No
estudo do melhor ponto de corte da AV, 93 VAR (Visual Acuity Rating), equivalente a 0,14
LogMAR, foi o ponto indicado pela análise ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic).
Aplicando este ponto de corte, verificou-se que 29% das crianças apresentam AV reduzida
em pelo menos um dos olhos. Os resultados revelam que o astigmatismo é o erro refrativo
que mais afeta a AV, com cerca de 20,5% dos casos.
Conclusões: A taxa de AV reduzida em crianças de 5 anos é alta. A literatura apresenta a
ambliopia e os erros de refração como sendo as principais causas de redução da AV na
infância, e essas anomalias afetam negativamente o desenvolvimento infantil,
principalmente no nível educacional. A AV reduzida interfere no desempenho em várias
tarefas importantes no processo de aprendizagem. Assim, é importante desenvolver e
implementar estratégias para identificar esses déficits, procurando à sua correção antes do
início do ciclo escolar.
Children with visual impairments are more likely to developed learning problems, development problems and low self-esteem. Refractive errors and amblyopia are a major cause of vision loss in children. However, it is often difficult for parents and teachers to detect signs that children have vision problems. It is therefore of utmost importance to conduct visual screening in schools so that it is possible to detect and correct visual anomalies in a timely manner. The study aims to find the normative value of VA in 5-year-old children, with LEA letters, and to relate VA to the presence of refractive errors. Methodology: The study was aimed at children in the last year of pre-school education in Public Kindergartens and Private Social Solidarity Institutions (IPSS) under the influence of the Middle Tagus ACES. The final sample included 2866 children aged 5 years (1455 boys and 1411 girls). The screening protocol involved the acquisition of data related to the measurement of visual acuity with LEA charts and measurement of automatic refraction using the plusoptix device. Results: Of the children who participated in this study, 24.5% had significant refractive errors, the most prevalent being hyperopia and astigmatism. In the study of the best VA cutoff point, 93 VAR, equivalent to 0,14LogMAR, was the point indicated by the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis. Applying this cutoff point, it was found that 29% of children have reduced VA in at least one eye. The results reveal that astigmatism is the refractive error that most affects VA, about 20,5% of cases. Conclusions: The rate of reduced VA in children aged 5 years is high. The literature presents amblyopia and refractive errors as the main cause of reduced VA in childhood, and these anomalies negatively affect child development, especially at the educational level. Reduced VA interferes with performance on several important tasks in the learning process. Thus, it is important to develop and implement strategies to identify these deficits and lead to their correction before the beginning of the school cycle.
Children with visual impairments are more likely to developed learning problems, development problems and low self-esteem. Refractive errors and amblyopia are a major cause of vision loss in children. However, it is often difficult for parents and teachers to detect signs that children have vision problems. It is therefore of utmost importance to conduct visual screening in schools so that it is possible to detect and correct visual anomalies in a timely manner. The study aims to find the normative value of VA in 5-year-old children, with LEA letters, and to relate VA to the presence of refractive errors. Methodology: The study was aimed at children in the last year of pre-school education in Public Kindergartens and Private Social Solidarity Institutions (IPSS) under the influence of the Middle Tagus ACES. The final sample included 2866 children aged 5 years (1455 boys and 1411 girls). The screening protocol involved the acquisition of data related to the measurement of visual acuity with LEA charts and measurement of automatic refraction using the plusoptix device. Results: Of the children who participated in this study, 24.5% had significant refractive errors, the most prevalent being hyperopia and astigmatism. In the study of the best VA cutoff point, 93 VAR, equivalent to 0,14LogMAR, was the point indicated by the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis. Applying this cutoff point, it was found that 29% of children have reduced VA in at least one eye. The results reveal that astigmatism is the refractive error that most affects VA, about 20,5% of cases. Conclusions: The rate of reduced VA in children aged 5 years is high. The literature presents amblyopia and refractive errors as the main cause of reduced VA in childhood, and these anomalies negatively affect child development, especially at the educational level. Reduced VA interferes with performance on several important tasks in the learning process. Thus, it is important to develop and implement strategies to identify these deficits and lead to their correction before the beginning of the school cycle.
Description
Keywords
Acuidade Visual Cartas Logmar Erro Refrativo Plusoptix Rastreio Visual Saúde Visual