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Análise de ganhos em saúde de prematuros alimentados com recurso ao banco de leite humano: Revisão sistemática da literatura
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Abstract(s)
Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo identificar os benefícios para a saúde dos recém-nascidos pré-termo alimentados com leite humano proveniente de um banco de doações. Foram analisados dezasseis estudos recentes envolvendo diferentes populações e unidades neonatais. Os resultados indicaram que o leite humano doado está associado a uma redução significativa da incidência de doenças graves, como a enterocolite necrosante, a sépsis de início tardio e outras complicações neonatais. Além disso, demonstrou ser eficaz no apoio ao crescimento de bebés prematuros, especialmente quando utilizado com fortificantes adequados, e na promoção de uma microbiota intestinal saudável, que contribui para o desenvolvimento do sistema imunitário. Vários estudos demonstraram que os recém-nascidos alimentados com leite humano doado têm uma menor incidência de enterocolite necrosante em comparação com os alimentados exclusivamente com fórmula. Em algumas unidades neonatais, a implementação de bancos de leite humano contribuiu para uma redução da sépsis e da retinopatia da prematuridade. No que diz respeito ao crescimento, observou-se que a utilização de leite humano doado, devidamente fortificado, não compromete o desenvolvimento ponderal dos bebés prematuros, o que reforça a sua eficácia nos regimes nutricionais. Conclui-se que o leite humano doado é uma intervenção eficaz e segura para a promoção da saúde de recém-nascidos prematuros, com impacto positivo na redução da morbimortalidade neonatal. A implementação de bancos de leite humano e de políticas que incentivem a doação são fundamentais para garantir o acesso a esse recurso nas unidades de terapia intensiva, principalmente na ausência ou insuficiência de leite materno. A prática do uso de leite humano doado deve ser incentivada como parte essencial dos cuidados neonatais em ambientes clínicos.
This systematic review aimed to identify the health benefits of preterm newborns fed human milk from a donation bank. Sixteen recent studies involving different populations and neonatal units were analysed. The results indicated that donated human milk is associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of serious illnesses such as necrotising enterocolitis, late onset sepsis and other neonatal complications. In addition, it has been shown to be effective in supporting the growth of premature babies, especially when used with appropriate fortifiers, and in promoting a healthy intestinal microbiota, which contributes to the development of the immune system. Several studies have shown that newborns fed on donated human milk have a lower incidence of necrotising enterocolitis compared to those fed exclusively on formula. In some neonatal units, the implementation of human milk banks has contributed to a reduction in sepsis and retinopathy of prematurity. With regard to growth, it was observed that the use of donated human milk, properly fortified, does not compromise the weight development of premature babies, which reinforces its effectiveness in nutritional regimes. It is concluded that donated human milk is an effective and safe intervention for promoting the health of premature newborns, with a positive impact on reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality. The implementation of human milk banks and policies that encourage donation are fundamental to guaranteeing access to this resource in intensive care units, especially in the absence or insufficiency of breast milk. The use of donated human milk should be encouraged as an essential part of neonatal care in clinical settings.
This systematic review aimed to identify the health benefits of preterm newborns fed human milk from a donation bank. Sixteen recent studies involving different populations and neonatal units were analysed. The results indicated that donated human milk is associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of serious illnesses such as necrotising enterocolitis, late onset sepsis and other neonatal complications. In addition, it has been shown to be effective in supporting the growth of premature babies, especially when used with appropriate fortifiers, and in promoting a healthy intestinal microbiota, which contributes to the development of the immune system. Several studies have shown that newborns fed on donated human milk have a lower incidence of necrotising enterocolitis compared to those fed exclusively on formula. In some neonatal units, the implementation of human milk banks has contributed to a reduction in sepsis and retinopathy of prematurity. With regard to growth, it was observed that the use of donated human milk, properly fortified, does not compromise the weight development of premature babies, which reinforces its effectiveness in nutritional regimes. It is concluded that donated human milk is an effective and safe intervention for promoting the health of premature newborns, with a positive impact on reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality. The implementation of human milk banks and policies that encourage donation are fundamental to guaranteeing access to this resource in intensive care units, especially in the absence or insufficiency of breast milk. The use of donated human milk should be encouraged as an essential part of neonatal care in clinical settings.
Description
Keywords
Ganhos em Saúde Leite Humano Doado Prematuros Saúde Neonatal