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Authors
Abstract(s)
Introdução: A Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo é uma condição heterogénea, com
défice na comunicação e interação social, com padrões restritos e repetitivos de
comportamento e interesses. A etiologia é multifatorial. As manifestações da doença
variam dependendo da gravidade, do nível de desenvolvimento, da idade e género. As
mudanças trazidas pela pandemia COVID-19 podem ter um impacto relevante nesta
população, traduzindo-se em dificuldades na regulação comportamental e stress
emocional, particularmente, nas crianças e adolescentes.
Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto da pandemia COVID-19 em vários domínios –
alimentação, comportamento, saúde mental, sono e tempo de ecrã – em crianças e
adolescentes com diagnóstico de Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo.
Métodos: Foram pesquisados artigos na PubMed e b-on em português, espanhol e
inglês de 2020 até 2023. Nesta revisão, foram incluídos artigos que reportaram o
impacto psicoafetivo da pandemia COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes com idade igual
ou inferior a 18 anos, diagnosticadas com Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo. A
pesquisa, análise e seleção dos artigos foi realizada de forma independente por dois
investigadores e um terceiro foi chamado nas situações de desempate. A análise de viés
foi realizada com o auxílio da JBI Critical Appraisal Tools. O protocolo foi publicado na
plataforma PROSPERO com o número de registo: CRD42023453425.
Resultados: As crianças e adolescentes com Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo
demonstraram maior rigidez e inflexibilidade. De forma geral, os cuidadores reportaram
impacto negativo moderado a grave no comportamento global das crianças, salientando
o aumento de comportamentos agressivos, estereotipados, repetitivos, de oposição e
irritabilidade. Reportaram maiores níveis de stress e ansiedade desta população. Os
mecanismos de coping preferencialmente utilizados foram sobretudo desadaptativos ou
dependentes de terceiros (como os cuidadores). A disrupção das rotinas aumentou
consideravelmente as alterações do sono e o tempo em frente aos ecrãs.
Conclusão: A população em estudo revelou desafios à adaptação das mudanças
impostas pela pandemia. É importante uma maior vigilância e adoção de políticas e
apoios para proteger este grupo.
Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a heterogeneous condition characterized by deficits in communication and social interaction, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. The etiology is multifactorial, and its manifestations are based on severity, developmental level, age, and gender. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has introduced significant changes, potentially impacting individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, leading to difficulties in behavioral regulation and emotional stress, especially among children and adolescents. Goals: This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on various domains, including feeding, behavior, mental health, sleep, and screen time, in children and adolescents diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Methods: Articles published between 2020 and 2023 in Portuguese, Spanish, and English were systematically reviewed using PubMed and b-on databases. Only articles reporting the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents aged 18 or below with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder were included. Article selection, analysis, and bias assessment were independently conducted by two researchers, with a third intervening in case of discrepancies. The study protocol is registered on the PROSPERO platform under registration number CRD42023453425. Results: Findings indicate that children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder face specific challenges demonstrating increased rigidity and inflexibility. Caregivers reported moderate to severe impacts on overall behavior, highlighting an increase in aggressive, stereotyped, repetitive, oppositional, and irritable behaviors. Elevated levels of stress and anxiety were observed in this population, and coping mechanisms adopted were predominantly maladaptive and dependent on caregivers. Disruption of routines significantly contributed to sleep disturbances and increased screen time. Conclusion: The studied population exhibited substantial challenges in adapting to the changes imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Continuous surveillance and implementation of targeted support policies are essential to minimize the observed impact in this review.
Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a heterogeneous condition characterized by deficits in communication and social interaction, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. The etiology is multifactorial, and its manifestations are based on severity, developmental level, age, and gender. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has introduced significant changes, potentially impacting individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, leading to difficulties in behavioral regulation and emotional stress, especially among children and adolescents. Goals: This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on various domains, including feeding, behavior, mental health, sleep, and screen time, in children and adolescents diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Methods: Articles published between 2020 and 2023 in Portuguese, Spanish, and English were systematically reviewed using PubMed and b-on databases. Only articles reporting the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents aged 18 or below with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder were included. Article selection, analysis, and bias assessment were independently conducted by two researchers, with a third intervening in case of discrepancies. The study protocol is registered on the PROSPERO platform under registration number CRD42023453425. Results: Findings indicate that children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder face specific challenges demonstrating increased rigidity and inflexibility. Caregivers reported moderate to severe impacts on overall behavior, highlighting an increase in aggressive, stereotyped, repetitive, oppositional, and irritable behaviors. Elevated levels of stress and anxiety were observed in this population, and coping mechanisms adopted were predominantly maladaptive and dependent on caregivers. Disruption of routines significantly contributed to sleep disturbances and increased screen time. Conclusion: The studied population exhibited substantial challenges in adapting to the changes imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Continuous surveillance and implementation of targeted support policies are essential to minimize the observed impact in this review.
Description
Keywords
Adolescentes Crianças Pandemia Covid-19 Pedopsiquiatria Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo (Pea)