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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Múltiplos estudos têm reportado uma relação bidirecional entre Diabetes Mellitus e
Perturbação Depressiva Major.
Nas últimas décadas, tem havido um aumento da prevalência destas comorbilidades,
que causam efeitos severos na saúde dos doentes. Um dos aspetos mais afetados é a
qualidade de vida, que é significativamente inferior em doentes com Diabetes Mellitus
e Perturbação Depressiva Major, em comparação com aqueles com Diabetes Mellitus,
sem Perturbação Depressiva Major.
A Diabetes Mellitus engloba uma série de condições, caracterizadas pela diminuição ou
falta de secreção ou ação de insulina, que leva a alterações no metabolismo de hidratos
de carbono, lípidos e proteínas, resultando numa hiperglicemia crónica e nas
consequências que daí advêm. Estima-se que, a nível mundial, 463 milhões de adultos,
entre os 20-79 anos, vivam com o diagnóstico de diabetes e prevê-se que esse número
atinja os 578 milhões em 2030.
A grande maioria dos casos de diabetes (cerca de 90%) corresponde ao tipo 2. Esta
patologia pode ser gerida através da adoção de estilos de vida saudáveis, em conjunto
com tratamento medicamentoso. A diabetes tipo 1, apesar de poder ocorrer em
qualquer idade, é a mais prevalente na infância e, no presente, não existem medidas
preventivas ao seu aparecimento.
Por sua vez, a Perturbação Depressiva Major é uma condição psiquiátrica, que se
caracteriza pelo humor deprimido, anedonia, adinamia e alterações psicomotoras,
cognitivas, ponderais, na qualidade do sono e, eventualmente, ideação suicida. Estimase que, a nível mundial, mais de 300 milhões de pessoas sofram de depressão.
Estima-se que a taxa de prevalência de depressão seja três vezes superior, à da
população geral, em doentes com diabetes tipo 1, e duas vezes superior nos doentes
com diabetes tipo 2.
A complexa relação entre diabetes e depressão evidencia uma provável partilha de
mecanismos biológicos, cuja compreensão é fundamental para um tratamento eficaz e
para a melhoria do prognóstico de ambas as patologias. Deste modo, o tratamento de ambas as patologias deverá ser abordado em simultâneo,
o que se revela, por vezes, um grande desafio clínico, tendo em conta que o tratamento
de cada uma das condições, pode ter implicações no tratamento da outra. Uma
abordagem multidisciplinar, centrada no doente, que combine o rastreio e tratamento
para depressão e diabetes, é fundamental na gestão e melhoria clínica destes doentes.
Multiple studies have reported a bidirectional relationship between Diabetes Mellitus and Major Depressive Disorder. In the last decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of these comorbidities, which cause severe effects on the patients' health. One of the most affected aspects is quality of life, which is significantly lower in patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Major Depressive Disorder compared to those with Diabetes Mellitus without Major Depressive Disorder. Diabetes Mellitus encompasses a range of conditions, characterized by decreased or lack of insulin secretion or action, which leads to changes in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia and the ensuing consequences. Worldwide, an estimated 463 million adults aged 20-79 are living with a diagnosis of diabetes, and this number is expected to reach 578 million by 2030. The vast majority of diabetes cases (about 90%) are type 2. This condition can be managed by adopting healthy lifestyles in conjunction with drug treatment. Type 1 diabetes, although it can occur at any age, is the most prevalent in childhood and, at present, there are no preventive measures for its onset. Major Depressive Disorder is a psychiatric condition characterized by depressed mood, anhedonia, adynamia, and psychomotor, cognitive, weight, sleep quality, and possibly suicidal ideation changes. It is estimated that, worldwide, more than 300 million people suffer from depression. The prevalence rate of depression is estimated to be three times higher in patients with type 1 diabetes than in the general population, and twice as high in patients with type 2 diabetes. The complex relationship between diabetes and depression shows a probable sharing of biological mechanisms, whose understanding is fundamental for an effective treatment and for the improvement of the prognosis of both pathologies. Thus, the treatment of both conditions should be addressed simultaneously, which is sometimes a great clinical challenge, considering that the treatment of each condition may have implications for the treatment of the other. A multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach that combines screening and treatment for depression and diabetes is fundamental in the management and clinical improvement of these patients.
Multiple studies have reported a bidirectional relationship between Diabetes Mellitus and Major Depressive Disorder. In the last decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of these comorbidities, which cause severe effects on the patients' health. One of the most affected aspects is quality of life, which is significantly lower in patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Major Depressive Disorder compared to those with Diabetes Mellitus without Major Depressive Disorder. Diabetes Mellitus encompasses a range of conditions, characterized by decreased or lack of insulin secretion or action, which leads to changes in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia and the ensuing consequences. Worldwide, an estimated 463 million adults aged 20-79 are living with a diagnosis of diabetes, and this number is expected to reach 578 million by 2030. The vast majority of diabetes cases (about 90%) are type 2. This condition can be managed by adopting healthy lifestyles in conjunction with drug treatment. Type 1 diabetes, although it can occur at any age, is the most prevalent in childhood and, at present, there are no preventive measures for its onset. Major Depressive Disorder is a psychiatric condition characterized by depressed mood, anhedonia, adynamia, and psychomotor, cognitive, weight, sleep quality, and possibly suicidal ideation changes. It is estimated that, worldwide, more than 300 million people suffer from depression. The prevalence rate of depression is estimated to be three times higher in patients with type 1 diabetes than in the general population, and twice as high in patients with type 2 diabetes. The complex relationship between diabetes and depression shows a probable sharing of biological mechanisms, whose understanding is fundamental for an effective treatment and for the improvement of the prognosis of both pathologies. Thus, the treatment of both conditions should be addressed simultaneously, which is sometimes a great clinical challenge, considering that the treatment of each condition may have implications for the treatment of the other. A multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach that combines screening and treatment for depression and diabetes is fundamental in the management and clinical improvement of these patients.
Description
Keywords
Comorbilidades Depressão Diabetes