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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A microbiota está presente virtualmente em todas as superfícies do corpo humano, de forma
especialmente abundante no trato gastrointestinal, sendo composta principalmente por
bactérias, mas também por vírus, archaea e eucariotas. A microbiota oferece inúmeros
benefícios ao seu hospedeiro, ajudando na maturação do sistema imunológico e seu bom
desempenho, na maximização da energia obtida a partir dos alimentos, na proteção contra
agentes patogénicos e na síntese de vitaminas essenciais.
A estrutura microbiana individual mantém-se tendencialmente estável desde
aproximadamente os três anos de idade, no entanto, é influenciada por diversos fatores
externos e internos, como o tipo de parto, a idade gestacional ao nascimento, o tipo de
aleitamento, o uso de antibióticos, o stress e principalmente a dieta e certas doenças.
Chama-se disbiose ao resultado de alterações na composição ou no normal funcionamento
da microbiota, podendo ser considerada uma causa ou uma consequência de algumas
patologias inflamatórias e metabólicas, doenças autoimunes, distúrbios gastrointestinais,
doenças alérgicas e doenças oncológicas.
A dieta influencia fortemente a composição e funcionamento da microbiota, tendo um papel
crucial a qualidade e quantidade dos nutrientes consumidos e os tipos de dietas adotados.
É também pelos seus mecanismos sobre a microbiota intestinal que a ação determinante da
alimentação ganhou outro nível de importância na prevenção de doenças e na promoção da
saúde.
Microbiota is virtually present on all surfaces of the human body, with a higher density in the gastrointestinal tract, being composed mainly of bacteria, but also viruses, archaea and eukaryotes. The microbiota offers innumerable benefits to its host, helping in the maturation of the immune system and its good performance, in the maximization of the energy obtained from food, in the protection against pathogens and in the synthesis of essential vitamins. The individual microbial structure tends to remain stable since approximately three years of age, however it is influenced by several external and internal factors, such as the type of delivery, gestational age at birth, type of breastfeeding, use of antibiotics, stress and especially diet and certain diseases. Dysbiosis is the term that encompasses changes in the composition or normal functioning of the microbiota and can be considered a cause or a consequence of some inflammatory and metabolic pathologies, autoimmune diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, allergic diseases and oncological diseases. The diet strongly influences the composition and functioning of the microbiota, with a crucial role in the quality and quantity of the nutrients consumed and the types of diets adopted. It is also due to its mechanisms on the intestinal microbiota that the determinant action of food has gained another level of importance in preventing diseases and promoting health.
Microbiota is virtually present on all surfaces of the human body, with a higher density in the gastrointestinal tract, being composed mainly of bacteria, but also viruses, archaea and eukaryotes. The microbiota offers innumerable benefits to its host, helping in the maturation of the immune system and its good performance, in the maximization of the energy obtained from food, in the protection against pathogens and in the synthesis of essential vitamins. The individual microbial structure tends to remain stable since approximately three years of age, however it is influenced by several external and internal factors, such as the type of delivery, gestational age at birth, type of breastfeeding, use of antibiotics, stress and especially diet and certain diseases. Dysbiosis is the term that encompasses changes in the composition or normal functioning of the microbiota and can be considered a cause or a consequence of some inflammatory and metabolic pathologies, autoimmune diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, allergic diseases and oncological diseases. The diet strongly influences the composition and functioning of the microbiota, with a crucial role in the quality and quantity of the nutrients consumed and the types of diets adopted. It is also due to its mechanisms on the intestinal microbiota that the determinant action of food has gained another level of importance in preventing diseases and promoting health.
Description
Keywords
Dieta Doenças Microbiota Nutrição Saúde