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Abstract(s)
Introdução: Os estudantes de medicina estão expostos a elevados níveis de stresse devido
à natureza exigente da educação médica. Eis a razão da escolha deste tema. A carga de
trabalho excessiva, competição entre os pares, elevada exigência dos professores e pouco
tempo para o lazer são responsáveis por elevados níveis stresse e burnout.
Objetivo: Esta investigação pretende avaliar os níveis de burnout nos estudantes de
medicina da Universidade da Beira interior, bem como a sua relação com as variáveis
psicossociais.
Métodos: O presente estudo é observacional, transversal e de natureza descritiva. Os dados
foram recolhidos através de um questionário online entre dezembro de 2021 e janeiro de
2022. O burnout foi medido através da Escala de Burnout de Maslach para Estudantes. Os
instrumentos utilizados foram um questionário de dados sociodemográficos, Inventário de
Fontes de Stresse Académico no Curso de Medicina, Escala de Depressão Ansiedade e
Stresse, Escala de Perfeccionismo, Escala de Auto-Compaixão, Questionário do
Pensamento Perseverativo, Escala de stresse Auto-gerado e a HEXACO-60. Para a análise
dos dados, foram realizadas análises de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Os resultados
foram analisados com o recurso do programa informático SPSS (Statistical Package for the
Social Sciences) versão 28.0 para Windows.
Resultados: Participaram neste estudo 161 estudantes, do 1.º ao 6.º ano, do curso de
medicina da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior, com idade
média de 22,52 anos, sendo 80,7% mulheres e 19,3% homens. O nível de burnout da
amostra é elevado (44,7% para a dimensão Exaustão Emocional, 70,8% na dimensão
Descrença e 74,5% na dimensão Eficácia). Os estudantes do género feminino apresentam
valores de exaustão emocional significativamente mais elevados do que os estudantes do
género masculino. Há uma correlação positiva e significativa entre o burnout e o
perfeccionismo, a ansiedade, a depressão e o stresse. As dimensões do burnout Exaustão
Emocional e Descrença encontram-se correlacionadas de forma negativa com a
autocompaixão e com a satisfação com o curso atual. Relativamente às principais fontes de
stresse, a carga horária elevada do curso, pouca preparação prática e as restrições impostas
pela COVID-19 à formação médica foram significativamente maiores nos anos clínicos,
enquanto a adaptação às exigências académicas da Universidade em comparação com o
ensino secundário e exigências da disciplina de anatomia foram significativamente maiores
nos anos pré-clínicos. Conclusão: Os resultados mostram que os estudantes do género feminino sofrem mais de
burnout comparativamente aos do género masculino. Destaca-se ainda a relação
estatisticamente significativa entre o burnout e o perfeccionismo, a ansiedade, a depressão
e o stresse. Em suma, a elevada prevalência do burnout nos estudantes de medicina
averiguada nesta investigação justifica a implementação de medidas multidisciplinares de
prevenção e promoção do bem-estar psicológico dos estudantes. Estas medidas devem ser
integradas em projetos que ensinem a lidar com o perfecionismo, gerir a ansiedade e o
stresse, prevenir a depressão e fortalecer a autocompaixão.
Introduction: Medical students are exposed to high levels of stress due to the demanding nature of medical education. This is the reason for choosing this topic. Excessive workload, competition among peers, high demands on professors, and little time for leisure are responsible for high levels of stress and burnout. Objective: This research aims to evaluate the levels of burnout in medical students at the University of Beira interior, as well as its relationship with psychosocial variables. Methods: The present study is cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive. Data were collected through an online questionnaire between December 2021 and January 2022. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Scale for Students. The instruments used were a sociodemographic data questionnaire, Inventory of Academic Stress Sources in the Medical Course, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, Perfectionism Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, Perseverative Thought Questionnaire, Self-Generated Stress Scale and HEXACO-60. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical analyzes were performed. The results were analyzed using the SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 28.0 for Windows. Results: A total of 161 students participated in this study, from the 1st to the 6th grade, from the medical course of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Beira Interior, with an average age of 22.52 years, 80.7% women and 19.3% men. The sample’s Burnout level is high (44.7% for the Emotional Exhaustion dimension, 70.8% in the Disbelief dimension, and 74.5% in the Efficacy dimension). Female students have significantly higher emotional exhaustion values than male students. There is a positive and significant correlation between burnout and perfectionism, anxiety, depression and stress. The burnout dimensions, Emotional Exhaustion and Disbelief, are negatively correlated with self-compassion and satisfaction with the current course. Regarding the main sources of stress, the high course workload, little practical preparation and the restrictions imposed by COVID-19 on medical training were significantly higher in the clinical years, while the adaptation to the academic requirements of the University compared to secondary education and Anatomy discipline requirements were significantly higher in the preclinical years. Conclusion: The results show that female students suffer more from burnout compared to male students. The statistically significant relationship between burnout and perfectionism, anxiety, depression, and stress is also highlighted. In short, the high prevalence of this syndrome found in this investigation should encourage the creation of multidisciplinary measures to prevent and promote the psychological well-being of students. These measures must be integrated into projects that teach how to deal with perfectionism, manage anxiety and stress, prevent depression and strengthen selfcompassion.
Introduction: Medical students are exposed to high levels of stress due to the demanding nature of medical education. This is the reason for choosing this topic. Excessive workload, competition among peers, high demands on professors, and little time for leisure are responsible for high levels of stress and burnout. Objective: This research aims to evaluate the levels of burnout in medical students at the University of Beira interior, as well as its relationship with psychosocial variables. Methods: The present study is cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive. Data were collected through an online questionnaire between December 2021 and January 2022. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Scale for Students. The instruments used were a sociodemographic data questionnaire, Inventory of Academic Stress Sources in the Medical Course, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, Perfectionism Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, Perseverative Thought Questionnaire, Self-Generated Stress Scale and HEXACO-60. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical analyzes were performed. The results were analyzed using the SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 28.0 for Windows. Results: A total of 161 students participated in this study, from the 1st to the 6th grade, from the medical course of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Beira Interior, with an average age of 22.52 years, 80.7% women and 19.3% men. The sample’s Burnout level is high (44.7% for the Emotional Exhaustion dimension, 70.8% in the Disbelief dimension, and 74.5% in the Efficacy dimension). Female students have significantly higher emotional exhaustion values than male students. There is a positive and significant correlation between burnout and perfectionism, anxiety, depression and stress. The burnout dimensions, Emotional Exhaustion and Disbelief, are negatively correlated with self-compassion and satisfaction with the current course. Regarding the main sources of stress, the high course workload, little practical preparation and the restrictions imposed by COVID-19 on medical training were significantly higher in the clinical years, while the adaptation to the academic requirements of the University compared to secondary education and Anatomy discipline requirements were significantly higher in the preclinical years. Conclusion: The results show that female students suffer more from burnout compared to male students. The statistically significant relationship between burnout and perfectionism, anxiety, depression, and stress is also highlighted. In short, the high prevalence of this syndrome found in this investigation should encourage the creation of multidisciplinary measures to prevent and promote the psychological well-being of students. These measures must be integrated into projects that teach how to deal with perfectionism, manage anxiety and stress, prevent depression and strengthen selfcompassion.
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Keywords
Estudantes de Medicina Síndrome de Burnout Stresse