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Authors
Abstract(s)
Introdução: Os comportamentos autolesivos (CAL) compreendem ações sem intenção
suicidária em que um indivíduo provoca lesões a si mesmo ou ingere substâncias
prejudiciais com intenção de autolesão. Esses comportamentos são patológicos, sendo
considerados um importante preditor de suicídio. A pandemia de COVID-19 tem sido
associada a um aumento nas perturbações da saúde mental, especialmente em
adolescentes. Assim, o objetivo do estudo consistiu em avaliar a prevalência, caracterizar
padrões dos CAL e investigar fatores de risco associados, incluindo o impacto da pandemia
em adolescentes, e propor medidas preventivas.
Materiais e métodos: Foi desenvolvido um estudo transversal baseado num questionário
aplicado em consulta de Pediatria de um hospital de nível II. A amostra totalizou 319
questionários (159 em 2019; 160 em 2023) preenchidos por adolescentes entre os 12 e 18
anos. A análise estatística envolveu regressão logística para análises univariada e
multivariada ajustada.
Resultados: A prevalência dos CAL obtida nos dois períodos foi de 29,78% (n=95),
verificando-se um aumento de 7,96% no período pós-pandémico, mas não significativo
(p=0,121). O método mais frequentemente utilizado foram cortes (72,63%),
predominantemente nos membros superiores (84,06%). Entre os jovens com CAL, 34,74%
procuraram ajuda, principalmente de irmãos/amigos (72,73%). Acrescente-se que 42,1%
referiram que efetuaram estes comportamentos devido ao desejo de morrer e 15,8%
referiram querer chamar a atenção. Na regressão logística multivariada, os fatores de risco
que se revelaram significativos incluíram problemas de saúde, ausência de exercício físico,
ser ex-fumador, conflitos com namorado/a, história de suicídio tentado ou CAL na
família/amigos e procura online de formas de se magoar. A exposição a eventos de vida
negativos correlacionou-se significativamente com CAL, incluindo dificuldade em fazer
amigos, bullying, conflitos parentais, abusos físicos/agressões/violência, preocupações
com orientação sexual e relações sexuais não consensuais. Também foi significativo o
consumo de drogas e alcoolização = 2 vezes/mês, bem como apresentar um baixo índice de
bem-estar da OMS.
Conclusão: Sendo os CAL importantes preditores de suicídio, urge incrementar a literacia
em saúde mental, combatendo o estigma e incentivando a procura de ajuda pelos
adolescentes, nomeadamente de profissionais qualificados.
Introduction: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) encompass non-suicidal actions where an individual intentionally inflicts injuries or ingests harmful substances for self-harm. These behaviors are consistently considered pathological and are regarded as a significant predictor of suicide. The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with an increase in mental health disorders, especially among adolescents. The study aimed to assess prevalence, characterize DSH patterns, investigate associated risk factors, including the impact of the pandemic on adolescents, and propose preventive measures. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on a questionnaire administered in the Pediatrics outpatient clinic of a level II hospital. The sample comprised 319 questionnaires (159 in 2019; 160 in 2023) from adolescents aged 12 to 18. Statistical analysis involved logistic regression for univariate and adjusted multivariate analyses. Results: The prevalence of DSH in both periods was 29,78% (n=95), with a 7,96% increase in the post-pandemic period but not significative (p=0,121). The most frequently used method was cuts (72,63%), predominantly on the upper limbs (84,06%). Among adolescents with DSH, 34,74% sought help, mainly from siblings/friends (72,73%). Additionally, 42,1% expressed a desire to die, and 15,8% mentioned seeking attention. In multivariate logistic regression, significant risk factors included health problems, lack of physical exercise, former smoking, conflicts with a partner, a history of attempted suicide or DSH in family/friends, and online search for self-harm methods. Exposure to negative life events correlated significantly with DSH, including difficulty making friends, bullying, parental conflicts, physical abuse/aggression/violence, concerns about sexual orientation, and non-consensual sexual relationships. Drug consumption, alcohol intake = 2 times/month, and a low WHO well-being index were also significant. Conclusion: Given that DSH is a significant predictor of suicide, there is an urgent need to increase mental health literacy, combat stigma, and encourage adolescents to seek help from qualified professionals.
Introduction: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) encompass non-suicidal actions where an individual intentionally inflicts injuries or ingests harmful substances for self-harm. These behaviors are consistently considered pathological and are regarded as a significant predictor of suicide. The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with an increase in mental health disorders, especially among adolescents. The study aimed to assess prevalence, characterize DSH patterns, investigate associated risk factors, including the impact of the pandemic on adolescents, and propose preventive measures. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on a questionnaire administered in the Pediatrics outpatient clinic of a level II hospital. The sample comprised 319 questionnaires (159 in 2019; 160 in 2023) from adolescents aged 12 to 18. Statistical analysis involved logistic regression for univariate and adjusted multivariate analyses. Results: The prevalence of DSH in both periods was 29,78% (n=95), with a 7,96% increase in the post-pandemic period but not significative (p=0,121). The most frequently used method was cuts (72,63%), predominantly on the upper limbs (84,06%). Among adolescents with DSH, 34,74% sought help, mainly from siblings/friends (72,73%). Additionally, 42,1% expressed a desire to die, and 15,8% mentioned seeking attention. In multivariate logistic regression, significant risk factors included health problems, lack of physical exercise, former smoking, conflicts with a partner, a history of attempted suicide or DSH in family/friends, and online search for self-harm methods. Exposure to negative life events correlated significantly with DSH, including difficulty making friends, bullying, parental conflicts, physical abuse/aggression/violence, concerns about sexual orientation, and non-consensual sexual relationships. Drug consumption, alcohol intake = 2 times/month, and a low WHO well-being index were also significant. Conclusion: Given that DSH is a significant predictor of suicide, there is an urgent need to increase mental health literacy, combat stigma, and encourage adolescents to seek help from qualified professionals.
Description
Keywords
Adolescentes Comportamentos Autolesivos Cova da Beira Fatores de Risco Suicídio