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Introdução: Desde 1960 que se verifica um envelhecimento progressivo da população mundial - uma realidade que trouxe algumas mudanças epidemiológicas. As doenças crónicas, nomeadamente a Diabetes Mellitus, tomaram o lugar das doenças agudas, outrora as maiores causadoras de morbilidade e mortalidade, nos desafios mais importantes dos sistemas de saúde atuais. Neste contexto, é indiscutível a importância das modificações no estilo de vida, do uso de tratamentos farmacológicos eficazes e da boa adesão à terapêutica prescrita, na gestão melhorada destas doenças e, consequentemente na redução dos gastos públicos.
Objetivos: O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a adesão terapêutica dos utentes inscritos na Unidade de Diabetes do Serviço de Medicina Interna do Hospital Amato Lusitano, em Castelo Branco.
Materiais e Métodos: A recolha dos dados foi realizada em doentes com DM que compareceram à Consulta de Diabetologia no período compreendido entre o mês de Janeiro e Maio de 2012. Obtivemos, através de um questionário estruturado para a caracterização sociodemográfica, os seguintes parâmetros: sexo, idade, residência, autonomia, estado civil, agregado familiar, estatuto socioeconómico, habilitações, ocupação, consumo de tabaco e álcool e o uso de medicação crónica. Para avaliar a adesão terapêutica foi aplicada a Escala de Morisky e feitas algumas questões acerca das possíveis razões que os utentes apontam para a não adesão ao tratamento. A análise estatística dos dados foi efetuada recorrendo aos programas Microsoft Excel® e Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS®) versão 19.0. De modo a analisar possíveis relações estatisticamente significativas entre as variáveis em estudo, foram feitas tabulações cruzadas e utilizado o teste do Qui-Quadrado de Pearson (2) e a Correlação de Pearson (Pearson’s R).
Resultados: Este estudo inclui 204 indivíduos, 105 do sexo masculino e 98 do sexo feminino, com uma idade média de 60,61 anos. A maioria dos indivíduos reside em Castelo Branco, cerca de 67,2% vivem com o cônjuge e 8,3% são dependentes de um cuidador. No que diz respeito à ocupação 58,8% estão reformados e 12,7% trabalham por conta de outrem. A grande maioria dos indivíduos afirmam pertencer à classe média e apenas 1 à classe alta. Relativamente às habilitações literárias, 54,4% completaram o ensino primário, e 12 indivíduos são analfabetos. No que concerne a hábitos tabágicos e alcoólicos a grande maioria nega qualquer consumo. De todos os inquiridos, 55,4% fazem mais do que cinco tomas de medicação diária. No que diz respeito à avaliação do nível de adesão pela Escala de Morisky verificou-se que os inquiridos responderam negativamente às quatro questões de forma preponderante. Conclusões: Este estudo transversal retrospetivo revelou uma elevada adesão terapêutica de 60,3%. O motivo principal apontado para a não adesão terapêutica foi o esquecimento. À semelhança da literatura internacional a grande maioria dos diabéticos faz mais de cinco fármacos diariamente.
Introduction: Since 1960 there is a steadily aging population worldwide – a reality that has brought some changes in epidemiology. Chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, took the place of acute diseases, once the major cause of morbidity and mortality, as the most important challenges facing health systems today. In this context, it is unquestionable the importance of changes in lifestyle, use of effective pharmacological treatments and good adherence to prescribed therapy, the improved management of these diseases and consequently the reduction of public spending. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to verify the adherence of users enrolled in the Diabetes Unit of the Amato Lusitano’s Hospital, in Castelo Branco. Material and Methods: Data collection was performed in patients with DM who attended the consultation of diabetes in the period between January and May 2012. The following parameters were obtained through a structured questionnaire for sociodemographic characteristics: sex, age, residence, autonomy, marital status, socioeconomic status, education, occupation, smoking and alcohol use and chronic medication. To assess adherence to therapy it was applied the Morisky Scale and asked some questions about the possible reasons that users link to non-adherence to treatment. The statistical analysis was performed using the programs Microsoft Excel® and Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS®) version19.0. In order to analyze possible statistically significant relationships between the study variables, cross tabulations were made and it was used the Pearson’s Chi-Square ( 2) and Pearson Correlation (Pearson's R) tests. Results: This study includes 204 individuals, 105 males and 98 females with a mean age of 60.61 years. Most people live in Castelo Branco, about 67.2% live with their spouse and 8.3% are dependent on a caregiver. With regard to occupation 58.8% are retired and 12.7% work for others. The vast majority of people claim to belong to the middle class and only one to the upper class. With respect to educational attainment, 54.4% had completed primary education, and 12 individuals are illiterate. With regard to smoking and alcohol consumption the majority denies any use. 55.4% of all respondents take more than five doses of medication daily. Regarding the assessment of therapeutic adherence by Morisky’s Scale, the majority of the respondents answered negatively to all four questions. Conclusions: This retrospective cross-sectional study showed a high therapeutic adherence of 60.3%. The main reason for non-adherence was forgetfulness. As seen in some international literature the majority of diabetic patients in our study take more than five drugs daily.
Introduction: Since 1960 there is a steadily aging population worldwide – a reality that has brought some changes in epidemiology. Chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, took the place of acute diseases, once the major cause of morbidity and mortality, as the most important challenges facing health systems today. In this context, it is unquestionable the importance of changes in lifestyle, use of effective pharmacological treatments and good adherence to prescribed therapy, the improved management of these diseases and consequently the reduction of public spending. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to verify the adherence of users enrolled in the Diabetes Unit of the Amato Lusitano’s Hospital, in Castelo Branco. Material and Methods: Data collection was performed in patients with DM who attended the consultation of diabetes in the period between January and May 2012. The following parameters were obtained through a structured questionnaire for sociodemographic characteristics: sex, age, residence, autonomy, marital status, socioeconomic status, education, occupation, smoking and alcohol use and chronic medication. To assess adherence to therapy it was applied the Morisky Scale and asked some questions about the possible reasons that users link to non-adherence to treatment. The statistical analysis was performed using the programs Microsoft Excel® and Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS®) version19.0. In order to analyze possible statistically significant relationships between the study variables, cross tabulations were made and it was used the Pearson’s Chi-Square ( 2) and Pearson Correlation (Pearson's R) tests. Results: This study includes 204 individuals, 105 males and 98 females with a mean age of 60.61 years. Most people live in Castelo Branco, about 67.2% live with their spouse and 8.3% are dependent on a caregiver. With regard to occupation 58.8% are retired and 12.7% work for others. The vast majority of people claim to belong to the middle class and only one to the upper class. With respect to educational attainment, 54.4% had completed primary education, and 12 individuals are illiterate. With regard to smoking and alcohol consumption the majority denies any use. 55.4% of all respondents take more than five doses of medication daily. Regarding the assessment of therapeutic adherence by Morisky’s Scale, the majority of the respondents answered negatively to all four questions. Conclusions: This retrospective cross-sectional study showed a high therapeutic adherence of 60.3%. The main reason for non-adherence was forgetfulness. As seen in some international literature the majority of diabetic patients in our study take more than five drugs daily.
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Keywords
Diabetes mellitus - Doença crónica Diabetes mellitus - Adesão terapêutica - Avaliação
Pedagogical Context
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Universidade da Beira Interior