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Abstract(s)
Após um largo período de quatro séculos de dominação portuguesa, a independência angolana, finalmente alcançada em novembro de 1975, chegaria através de três atores fundamentais: a Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola (FNLA); o Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA) e a União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA). Contudo, o período da Guerra Fria acabaria por marcar o processo de descolonização de Angola, O antagonismo entre os EUA e a URSS no continente africano viriam a transformar o movimento pela autodeterminação do povo angolana numa Proxy War, típica do bipolarismo da Guerra Fria, que acabaram por se envolver num conflito assente em meios não tradicionais. O enfrentamento entre estes dois polos, passava maioritariamente, por uma estratégia indireta, para assim concretizarem a expansão da sua área de influência e, consequentemente, a sua ideologia.
Mas qual foi o papel dos EUA, em concreto no processo de descolonização de Angola? Com efeito, observa-se que os acontecimentos que obrigam os EUA a pronunciar-se sobre Angola começam em janeiro de 1961, e ainda que não militar, o primeiro apoio fornecido por parte dos EUA no conflito angolano ocorreu, mais precisamente, quando a UPA contatou com representantes do Governo e missionários protestantes dos EUA. O apoio americano passou a manifestar-se no envio de equipamento militar para o Zaire que, posteriormente, faziam chegar aos guerrilheiros da FNLA e da UNITA. Os EUA mostraram, na realidade, ser capazes de afirmar as suas próprias prioridades políticas com respeito às regiões colonizadas (ou ex-colonizadas).
Com base nesta realidade, este trabalho de investigação começa por efetuar um enquadramento histórico-concetual relativo a Angola, no qual serão tratadas, com maior profundidade, as temáticas do período de 1961-1974, Descolonização e Guerra Fria, explicando ainda a importância que a paz detém em Angola. No entanto, o maior enfoque centra-se na explicação da intervenção dos Estados Unidos da América acabariam por deter na emancipação de Angola.
Concluiu-se que os conflitos decorrentes em Angola na década de sessenta foram visivelmente instrumentalizados pelas duas potências, EUA e União Soviética e que o os EUA acabariam por desempenhar um papel determinante, quer durante a guerra civil, quer no processo de descolonização.
After a long period of four centuries of Portuguese rule, the Angolan independence, finally achieved in November 1975, would come through three key players: The National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA); the Movement of Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). However, the Cold War would eventually mark the decolonization of Angola, the antagonism between the US and the USSR in Africa were to transform the movement for self-determination of the Angolan people a Proxy War, typical of the bipolarity of the Cold War, which eventually get involved in a conflict based on non-traditional means. The confrontation between these two poles, passed mostly by an indirect strategy, so as to realize the expansion of its area of influence and consequently its ideology. But what was the role of the US, in particular in the process of decolonization of Angola? Indeed, it is observed that the events that compel the US to rule on Angola beginning in January 1961, and that non-military, the first support provided by the US in the Angolan conflict occurred, more precisely, when the UPA contacted with representatives of the Government and US Protestant missionaries. American support began to manifest in sending military equipment to Zaire which subsequently did reach the guerrillas FNLA and UNITA. The United States showed, in fact, be able to assert their own political priorities with respect to the colonized regions (or ex-colonized). Based on this fact, this research work begins by making a historical-conceptual framework relating to Angola, which will be treated in greater depth the themes of the period 1961-1974, decolonization and the Cold War, and explains the importance of holds peace in Angola. However, the main focus centers on the intervention of the explanation of the United States would eventually stop the emancipation of Angola. It was concluded that the conflicts arising in Angola in the sixties were visibly exploited by the two powers, the US and the Soviet Union and that the US would eventually play a key role both during the civil war, whether in the decolonization process.
After a long period of four centuries of Portuguese rule, the Angolan independence, finally achieved in November 1975, would come through three key players: The National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA); the Movement of Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). However, the Cold War would eventually mark the decolonization of Angola, the antagonism between the US and the USSR in Africa were to transform the movement for self-determination of the Angolan people a Proxy War, typical of the bipolarity of the Cold War, which eventually get involved in a conflict based on non-traditional means. The confrontation between these two poles, passed mostly by an indirect strategy, so as to realize the expansion of its area of influence and consequently its ideology. But what was the role of the US, in particular in the process of decolonization of Angola? Indeed, it is observed that the events that compel the US to rule on Angola beginning in January 1961, and that non-military, the first support provided by the US in the Angolan conflict occurred, more precisely, when the UPA contacted with representatives of the Government and US Protestant missionaries. American support began to manifest in sending military equipment to Zaire which subsequently did reach the guerrillas FNLA and UNITA. The United States showed, in fact, be able to assert their own political priorities with respect to the colonized regions (or ex-colonized). Based on this fact, this research work begins by making a historical-conceptual framework relating to Angola, which will be treated in greater depth the themes of the period 1961-1974, decolonization and the Cold War, and explains the importance of holds peace in Angola. However, the main focus centers on the intervention of the explanation of the United States would eventually stop the emancipation of Angola. It was concluded that the conflicts arising in Angola in the sixties were visibly exploited by the two powers, the US and the Soviet Union and that the US would eventually play a key role both during the civil war, whether in the decolonization process.
Description
Keywords
Angola Descolonização Estados Unidos da América Guerra Civil Angolana. Guerra Fria II Guerra Mundial Relações Internacionais