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Perceção de Coparentalidade e de Problemas Socioemocionais de Crianças em Idade Pré- Escolar: Um Estudo Comparativo entre Mães e Pais em Famílias Nucleares Intactas
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Abstract(s)
A coparentalidade diz respeito à forma como duas pessoas, que partilham a responsabilidade de criar e educar uma criança, se relacionam uma com a outra, se apoiam mutuamente e coordenam esforços no seu papel enquanto pais. A literatura sugere que uma coparentalidade positiva é benéfica para o desenvolvimento socioemocional das crianças, enquanto uma coparentalidade negativa é potenciadora do desenvolvimento de problemas de externalização e internalização. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a relação entre a coparentalidade e os problemas socioemocionais de crianças em idade pré-escolar, através da comparação das perceções de mães e pais. A amostra é composta por 110 casais de famílias nucleares intactas, com filhos entre os 3 e os 6 anos (M = 4.21; DP = .92). Mães e pais responderam, de forma independente, às versões portuguesas do Coparenting Questionnaire (CQ), que permite avaliar as perceções que os cônjuges têm um do outro enquanto pais em três dimensões (cooperação, conflito e triangulação), e do Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), que permite a identificação de dificuldades socioemocionais dos seus filhos. A análise comparativa foi realizada em quatro níveis: análise dos itens, acordo interparental, análise de diferenças e associação entre as variáveis. Os resultados revelaram elevada similaridade na forma como as mães e os pais responderam aos itens do CQ e do SDQ. Foram encontradas correlações significativas, positivas, fracas e moderadas entre a perceção materna e paterna de Cooperação e Conflito, e fortes para a perceção dos Problemas de Externalização, Internalização e Total das Dificuldades. Verificou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as perceções materna e paterna de Cooperação na relação coparental, com os pais a considerar que as mães são mais cooperantes. Tanto na perspetiva das mães, como dos pais, o Conflito na relação coparental revelou-se positivamente associado com os Problemas de Externalização dos filhos. Apenas para as mães, a perceção de maior Cooperação na relação coparental foi associada à perceção de menos Problemas de Externalização dos filhos. São discutidas as implicações do estudo para a investigação e intervenção com famílias com crianças em idade pré-escolar.
Coparenting refers to how two people, who share the responsibility of raising a child, relate to each other, mutually support each other and coordinate efforts in their role as parents. The literature suggests that positive coparenting is beneficial for children's socio-emotional development, while negative coparenting is an enhancer of the development of externalizing and internalizing problems. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between coparenting and socio-emotional problems of preschool children, by comparing the perceptions of mothers and fathers. The sample is composed of 110 couples from intact nuclear families, with children between 3 and 6 years old (M = 4.21; SD = .92). Mothers and fathers independently answered the Portuguese versions of the Coparenting Questionnaire (CQ), which allows the assessment of the perceptions that spouses have of each other as parents in three dimensions (cooperation, conflict and triangulation), and of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which allows the identification of socio-emotional difficulties of their children. The comparative analysis was performed at four levels: analysis of the items, interparental agreement, analysis of differences and association between the variables. The results revealed high similarity in the way mothers and fathers in the sample responded to the CQ and SDQ items. Significant, positive, weak and moderate correlations were found between maternal and paternal perception of Cooperation and Conflict, and strong correlations for the perception of Externalization, Internalization and Total Difficulties Problems. There was a statistically significant difference between maternal and paternal perceptions of Cooperation in the coparental relationship, with fathers considering that mothers are more cooperative. From both mothers' and fathers' perspectives, conflict in the coparental relationship was positively associated with children's Externalizing Problems. Only for mothers, the perception of greater Cooperation in the coparental relationship was associated with the perception of fewer of Externalizing Problems in their children. The implications of the study for research and intervention with families with preschool children are discussed.
Coparenting refers to how two people, who share the responsibility of raising a child, relate to each other, mutually support each other and coordinate efforts in their role as parents. The literature suggests that positive coparenting is beneficial for children's socio-emotional development, while negative coparenting is an enhancer of the development of externalizing and internalizing problems. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between coparenting and socio-emotional problems of preschool children, by comparing the perceptions of mothers and fathers. The sample is composed of 110 couples from intact nuclear families, with children between 3 and 6 years old (M = 4.21; SD = .92). Mothers and fathers independently answered the Portuguese versions of the Coparenting Questionnaire (CQ), which allows the assessment of the perceptions that spouses have of each other as parents in three dimensions (cooperation, conflict and triangulation), and of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which allows the identification of socio-emotional difficulties of their children. The comparative analysis was performed at four levels: analysis of the items, interparental agreement, analysis of differences and association between the variables. The results revealed high similarity in the way mothers and fathers in the sample responded to the CQ and SDQ items. Significant, positive, weak and moderate correlations were found between maternal and paternal perception of Cooperation and Conflict, and strong correlations for the perception of Externalization, Internalization and Total Difficulties Problems. There was a statistically significant difference between maternal and paternal perceptions of Cooperation in the coparental relationship, with fathers considering that mothers are more cooperative. From both mothers' and fathers' perspectives, conflict in the coparental relationship was positively associated with children's Externalizing Problems. Only for mothers, the perception of greater Cooperation in the coparental relationship was associated with the perception of fewer of Externalizing Problems in their children. The implications of the study for research and intervention with families with preschool children are discussed.
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Keywords
Coparentalidade Idade Pré-Escolar Perceção de Mães e Pais Problemas Socioemocionais