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Abstract(s)
A perturbação obsessivo-compulsiva é uma patologia psiquiátrica constituída, fundamentalmente, pela intrusão de forma incoercível e repetitiva de pensamentos indesejados – obsessões -, e de comportamentos que se impõem à vontade do sujeito, muitas vezes realizados de forma ritualizada – compulsões. A terapia cognitiva comportamental juntamente com os inibidores de recaptação de serotonina apresentam-se como o tratamento de primeira linha desta patologia. As terapias cognitivas comportamentais evoluíram ao longo do tempo e existem vários conceitos ainda desconhecidos por parte da comunidade médica.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal avaliar, não só o sucesso das terapias cognitivas comportamentais no tratamento da perturbação obsessivo-compulsiva, mas também realizar uma profunda análise sobre como estas evoluíram, quando e como devem ser integradas a cada individuo, e qual será o futuro destes tratamentos nesta patologia, através de uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema. Além disso, para perceber como as terapias cognitivas comportamentais têm efeito na perturbação obsessivo-compulsiva é necessário compreender a epidemiologia e a sua classificação, de acordo com a literatura mais recente e analisá-la segundo a sua etiopatogenia, sintomas, diagnóstico e gestão farmacológica.
De encontro com os estudos existentes na área, com este trabalho conclui-se que a terapia cognitiva comportamental está amplamente difundida para a perturbação obsessivo-compulsiva e que as abordagens de primeira linha podem ser tanto por técnicas com exposição e prevenção de resposta, terapia cognitiva ou as duas juntamente. Sendo que estes tratamentos são os que têm evidencia mais robusta. No entanto, muito caminho há ainda para percorrer no que toca não só à patologia em si e seus mecanismos fisiopatológicos, como no que toca ao tratamento, especialmente no que concerne ás terapias cognitivas comportamentais de terceira geração.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a psychiatric pathology consisting essentially in the intrusion of an uncontrollable and repetitive form of unwanted thoughts - obsessions, and behaviors that impose the freedom to do, often performed in a ritualized way - compulsions. cognitive behavioral therapy with serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the first treatment of this pathology. Cognitive behavioral therapies have evolved over the long haul and cases still unknown by the medical community. This study aims to evaluate not only the success of behavioral cognitive therapies in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, but also to carry out a deep analysis of how they evolved, when and how they should be integrated in each patient, and what the future will be of these treatments in this pathology, through a literature review on the subject. In addition, in order to understand how cognitive behavioral therapies have an effect on obsessive-compulsive disorder, it is necessary to understand the epidemiology and classification of obsessive-compulsive disorder according to the most recent literature and to analyze obsessive-compulsive disorder according to its etiopathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis and pharmacological management. In this work, we conclude that cognitive behavioral therapy is widely used for obsessive-compulsive disorder and that the first-line approaches can be both techniques with exposure and response prevention, cognitive therapy or both together. These treatments are the ones that have the most robust evidence. However, there is still a long way to go when it comes to, not only the pathology itself and its pathophysiological mechanisms but also its treatment, especially with regard to cognitive behavioral therapies of third generation.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a psychiatric pathology consisting essentially in the intrusion of an uncontrollable and repetitive form of unwanted thoughts - obsessions, and behaviors that impose the freedom to do, often performed in a ritualized way - compulsions. cognitive behavioral therapy with serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the first treatment of this pathology. Cognitive behavioral therapies have evolved over the long haul and cases still unknown by the medical community. This study aims to evaluate not only the success of behavioral cognitive therapies in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, but also to carry out a deep analysis of how they evolved, when and how they should be integrated in each patient, and what the future will be of these treatments in this pathology, through a literature review on the subject. In addition, in order to understand how cognitive behavioral therapies have an effect on obsessive-compulsive disorder, it is necessary to understand the epidemiology and classification of obsessive-compulsive disorder according to the most recent literature and to analyze obsessive-compulsive disorder according to its etiopathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis and pharmacological management. In this work, we conclude that cognitive behavioral therapy is widely used for obsessive-compulsive disorder and that the first-line approaches can be both techniques with exposure and response prevention, cognitive therapy or both together. These treatments are the ones that have the most robust evidence. However, there is still a long way to go when it comes to, not only the pathology itself and its pathophysiological mechanisms but also its treatment, especially with regard to cognitive behavioral therapies of third generation.
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Keywords
Eficácia Perturbação Obsessivo-Compulsiva Terapia Cognitiva Comportamental