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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As novas possibilidades do mundo conectado abriram brechas para os fenómenos
político-culturais de pós-verdade, factos alternativos e de massificação de conteúdos falsos.
Todas estas manifestações colocaram o jornalismo numa posição de fragilidade, pedindo
por novos projetos que reforcem a sua credibilidade, tal como a verificação de factos. A
prática de fact-checking foi iniciada na década de 1990 com o cuidado de verificar e corrigir
o discurso político. Da necessidade crescente de validar e reagrupar os fact-checkers criouse, em 2015, a International Fact Checking Network.
Com o objetivo de perceber como é feita a verificação de factos em Portugal, esta
dissertação procura, através de uma análise de conteúdo, perceber a evolução, origem e
execução dos mecanismos de fact-checking, a partir dos fact-checks realizados pelo
Observador e pelo Polígrafo, em 2019.
Esta investigação permitiu observar que as parcerias e as iniciativas de verificação
de factos têm aumentado, principalmente em períodos de campanha eleitoral. Foi
igualmente constatado que estas produções são, essencialmente, motivadas pelo número de
compartilhamento de informação e, principalmente, de desinformação nas redes sociais.
Observa-se, desta forma, um afastamento da função inicial de análise de discurso político
que foi desvirtuada para o combate às notícias falsas. Deste trabalho, ainda se conclui que,
nem sempre os fact-checkers seguem os princípios estabelecidos pela rede global a qual
pertencem, não existindo assim uma padronização da metodologia de verificação de factos.
The new possibilities of the connected world have opened loopholes for political and cultural phenomena, such as alternative facts and the spread of fake news in a post-truth world. This situation putted the journalistic industry in an unsettled position, asking for new projects that could reinforce its credibility. The practice of fact-checking was initiated in the 1990s in order to check and correct the political propaganda and speech. From the growing need to validate and regroup fact-checkers, the International Fact Checking Network was founded in 2015. In order to understand how fact-checking is carried out in Portugal, this dissertation seeks to understand the origin, evolution and execution of fact-checking mechanisms, through a content analysis based on the fact-checks carried out by the Observador and the Polígrafo in 2019. This investigation made it possible to observe that fact-checking initiatives and partnerships have increased, especially during election campaign periods. It was also found that these productions are essentially motivated by the number of information and misinformation shared on social media. That way, it is possible to observe that fact-checking has distanced itself from the initial pupose to play and active role in fighting fake news. From this work, we also noticed that fact-checkers do not always follow the principles established by the International Network to which they belong. Therefore, it makes us presume that there is no standardization of the fact-checking methodology.
The new possibilities of the connected world have opened loopholes for political and cultural phenomena, such as alternative facts and the spread of fake news in a post-truth world. This situation putted the journalistic industry in an unsettled position, asking for new projects that could reinforce its credibility. The practice of fact-checking was initiated in the 1990s in order to check and correct the political propaganda and speech. From the growing need to validate and regroup fact-checkers, the International Fact Checking Network was founded in 2015. In order to understand how fact-checking is carried out in Portugal, this dissertation seeks to understand the origin, evolution and execution of fact-checking mechanisms, through a content analysis based on the fact-checks carried out by the Observador and the Polígrafo in 2019. This investigation made it possible to observe that fact-checking initiatives and partnerships have increased, especially during election campaign periods. It was also found that these productions are essentially motivated by the number of information and misinformation shared on social media. That way, it is possible to observe that fact-checking has distanced itself from the initial pupose to play and active role in fighting fake news. From this work, we also noticed that fact-checkers do not always follow the principles established by the International Network to which they belong. Therefore, it makes us presume that there is no standardization of the fact-checking methodology.
Description
Keywords
Fact-Checking Observador Polígrafo Pós-Verdade