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Abstract(s)
A diabetes mellitus constitui um grave problema de saúde a nível mundial pela crescente incidência, como também pela elevada morbilidade e mortalidade que lhe está associada. Sendo a retinopatia diabética a manifestação ocular mais grave da doença e uma das principais causas de cegueira no mundo ocidental, despertou o interesse de realizarmos um estudo comparativo através do OCT (Tomografia de Coerência Ótica) em indivíduos com o diagnóstico de diabetes até 10 anos e entre 10 e 20 anos, medicados com antidiabéticos orais, com idades de 56 e os 80 anos, acompanhados na Clínica Oftalmológica das Antas.
O objetivo da investigação consistiu em saber se os indivíduos diabéticos com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus até 10 anos apresentavam menos alterações retinianas que os indivíduos diabéticos há mais de 10 anos.
A amostra foi constituída por 28 indivíduos, com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus de ambos os sexos. Dos 28 doentes, 14 com diagnóstico de diabetes até 10 anos e os restantes 14 com diagnóstico de diabetes entre 10 e 20 anos, ambos os grupos com idades compreendidas entre os 56 e os 80 anos.
Para comparação e análise de resultados, entrou no estudo um grupo controlo de 28 indivíduos, sem diabetes mellitus ou outras complicações sistémicas ou oftalmológicas, de ambos os sexos com idades compreendidas entre os 50 e os 75 anos.
Foi consultado o processo clínico de todos os pacientes, com recolha de dados clínicos e dos exames oftalmológicos realizados na consulta de Oftalmologia (OCT - Tomografia de Coerência Ótica).
A análise dos resultados obtidos permite concluir que foram alcançados todos os objectivos propostos na realização do presente trabalho, confirmando-se a hipótese geral de investigação: “os indivíduos diabéticos com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus até 10 anos apresentam menos alterações retinianas que os indivíduos diabéticos com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus entre 10 e 20 anos”.
Concluímos que o valor médio da espessura central da retina, de um modo geral entre o grupo dos saudáveis e cada um dos grupos diabéticos não foram encontradas alterações estatisticamente significativas, embora a espessura média no grupo dos diabéticos há menos de 10 anos seja ligeiramente inferior ao grupo dos diabéticos há mais de 10 anos.
Relativamente ao aumento dos valores médios da espessura retiniana, nos diferentes quadrantes analisados pelo OCT, as diferenças mais estatisticamente significativas surgiram nos quadrantes 2 e 6 do olho direito nos doentes diabéticos há mais de 10 anos e nos quadrantes 1, 2 e 6 do olho esquerdo dos diabéticos há menos de 10 anos.
The mellitus diabetes is a serious worldwide health problem due to the increasing incidence as well as the huge morbidity and mortality which is associated to it. Being the diabetic retinopathy the most serious ocular manifestation of the disease and one of the main causes of blindness in the western world, it arouse interest to a comparative study through the OCT in individuals with diabetes diagnosis up to 10 years and among those between 10 and 20, prescribed with oral antidiabetic medicines aged from 56 and 80 years old, followed by Ophthalmic Antas Clinic. The purpose of the research consisted in being aware of knowing if diabetic individuals with mellitus diabetes till 10 years presented less retinal disorders than diabetic individuals for more than 10 years. The sample was constituted by 28 individuals, with mellitus diabetes from both genders. From the 28 patients, 14 with diabetes diagnostic until 10 years the remain 14 with diabetes diagnostic between 10 and 20 years, both groups aged among 56 and 80 years old. For the comparison and analysis of the results, a control group of 28 individuals, without mellitus diabetes or other systemical complications or ophthalmological, was used in this study from both genders aged between 50 and 75 years old. It was consulted the clinic process of all patients with a gathering of clinic data and ophthalmological trials made in the ophthalmology consultation (OCT). The analysis of the obtained results allows to conclude that the main goals proposed in this work were achieved, confirming the general research hypothesis: “Diabetic individuals with mellitus diabetes diagnosis till 10 show less retinal disorders than diabetic individuals with mellitus diabetes diagnosis among 10 and 20 years”. We conclude that the average value of the central retina thickness, generally among the healthy group and each diabetic groups there weren`t any significative statistic disorders, although the average thickness in the diabetic groups for less than 10 years is slightly inferior to the diabetic groups for more than 10 years. In relation to the increase of the average values of retina`s thickness, in the different analyzed dials by the OCT, the most significant statistic differences appeared in quadrants 2 and 6 of the right eye on diabetic patients for more than 10 years and on the quadrants 1, 2 and 6 of the left eye on the diabetics for less than 10 years.
The mellitus diabetes is a serious worldwide health problem due to the increasing incidence as well as the huge morbidity and mortality which is associated to it. Being the diabetic retinopathy the most serious ocular manifestation of the disease and one of the main causes of blindness in the western world, it arouse interest to a comparative study through the OCT in individuals with diabetes diagnosis up to 10 years and among those between 10 and 20, prescribed with oral antidiabetic medicines aged from 56 and 80 years old, followed by Ophthalmic Antas Clinic. The purpose of the research consisted in being aware of knowing if diabetic individuals with mellitus diabetes till 10 years presented less retinal disorders than diabetic individuals for more than 10 years. The sample was constituted by 28 individuals, with mellitus diabetes from both genders. From the 28 patients, 14 with diabetes diagnostic until 10 years the remain 14 with diabetes diagnostic between 10 and 20 years, both groups aged among 56 and 80 years old. For the comparison and analysis of the results, a control group of 28 individuals, without mellitus diabetes or other systemical complications or ophthalmological, was used in this study from both genders aged between 50 and 75 years old. It was consulted the clinic process of all patients with a gathering of clinic data and ophthalmological trials made in the ophthalmology consultation (OCT). The analysis of the obtained results allows to conclude that the main goals proposed in this work were achieved, confirming the general research hypothesis: “Diabetic individuals with mellitus diabetes diagnosis till 10 show less retinal disorders than diabetic individuals with mellitus diabetes diagnosis among 10 and 20 years”. We conclude that the average value of the central retina thickness, generally among the healthy group and each diabetic groups there weren`t any significative statistic disorders, although the average thickness in the diabetic groups for less than 10 years is slightly inferior to the diabetic groups for more than 10 years. In relation to the increase of the average values of retina`s thickness, in the different analyzed dials by the OCT, the most significant statistic differences appeared in quadrants 2 and 6 of the right eye on diabetic patients for more than 10 years and on the quadrants 1, 2 and 6 of the left eye on the diabetics for less than 10 years.
Description
Keywords
Diabetes Mellitus Retinopatia diabética - Tomografia de Coerência Ótica (OCT) Retinopatia diabética - Tratamento cirúrgico - Fotocoagulação Retinopatia diabética - Tratamento médico
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Publisher
Universidade da Beira Interior