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Abstract(s)
Anualmente, na zona do Mediterrâneo, resultam da produção de azeite 30 milhões de m3
de águas ruças. Uma vez que ainda não existe um método eficiente e seguro para o
tratamento ou reutilização deste efluente, a problemática das águas ruças tem sido uma
preocupação para a indústria, pela poluição a que dão origem, devido à elevada carga
orgânica, ao teor em compostos fenólicos e à sua baixa biodegradabilidade. Apesar do risco
de poluição para o meio ambiente, estas águas são ricas em nutrientes, algo que pode ser
uma mais-valia se aproveitado após o seu tratamento.
Para combater este problema, este trabalho teve como objetivo a otimização do tratamento
de águas ruças por precipitação química básica (IOSLP – Immediate One-step Lime
Precipitation), com ajuste de pH e suplementação, visando a sua reutilização como meio de
alimentação no cultivo de alfaces em sistema hidropónico.
Sendo a hidroponia uma técnica de cultivo alternativa à tradicional, que promove um
crescimento mais rápido, maior produtividade, maior eficiência de rega e menor
necessidade de utilização de pesticidas, é considerada uma forma de cultivo mais eficiente
e sustentável. Neste caso, para além da água utilizada no cultivo ser proveniente da indústria
do azeite, também o enchimento do sistema hidropónico teve a mesma origem, visando dar
uma nova vida aos caroços das azeitonas que são descartados na maioria dos lagares.
Após conclusão dos ensaios experimentais, o tratamento da água ruça proporcionou taxas
de remoção de 85,7% em SST, 88,2% em CQO, 92,4% em CBO5, 76,6% em compostos
fenólicos e 99,9% em turvação. O sistema hidropónico permitiu obter alfaces com uma taxa
de sobrevivência de 100%, sendo que as classificações do perfil sensorial foram semelhantes
entre ensaios.
Esta técnica de tratamento de águas ruças, bem como a sua reutilização num sistema de
cultivo de alfaces com caroços de azeitona como matriz de suporte, permite à indústria do
azeite uma alternativa sustentável, contribuindo para uma economia circular.
In the Mediterranean area, each year the olive oil production results in 30 million m3 of olive mill wastewater (OMW). Since there is currently no efficient and safe method for treating or reusing this effluent, the problem of OMW has been a concern for the industry, due to the pollution it causes, mainly due to the high organic load, the content in phenolic compounds and its low biodegradability. Despite the risk of pollution to the environment, these wastewaters are rich in nutrients, a fact that can be of great added value if used after its treatment. To fight this problem, this work aims to optimize the treatment of OMW by basic chemical precipitation (IOSLP – Immediate One-step Lime Precipitation), with pH adjustment and supplementation, aiming at its reinsertion into the environment, using it as a nutrient solution in the cultivation of lettuce in a hydroponic system. Since hydroponics is an alternative cultivation technique to the traditional one, which promotes faster growth, higher productivity, greater irrigation efficiency and less need for the use of pesticides, it is considered a more efficient and sustainable form of cultivation. In this case, in addition to the fact that the water used in irrigation comes from the olive oil industry, the system’s supporting medium also had the same origin, aiming to give new life to the olive stones that are discarded in most mills. At the end of the experimental assay, the treatment of OMW provided removal rates of 85.7% in TSS, 88.2% in COD, 92.4% in BOD5, 76.6% in phenolic compounds and 99.9% in turbidity. The lettuces obtained in the hydroponic system had a survival rate of 100%, with sensory profile classifications being similar between trials. This technique for treating OMW, as well as its reuse in a lettuce cultivation system with olive stones as a supporting medium, provides the olive oil industry with a sustainable alternative and contributes to a circular economy.
In the Mediterranean area, each year the olive oil production results in 30 million m3 of olive mill wastewater (OMW). Since there is currently no efficient and safe method for treating or reusing this effluent, the problem of OMW has been a concern for the industry, due to the pollution it causes, mainly due to the high organic load, the content in phenolic compounds and its low biodegradability. Despite the risk of pollution to the environment, these wastewaters are rich in nutrients, a fact that can be of great added value if used after its treatment. To fight this problem, this work aims to optimize the treatment of OMW by basic chemical precipitation (IOSLP – Immediate One-step Lime Precipitation), with pH adjustment and supplementation, aiming at its reinsertion into the environment, using it as a nutrient solution in the cultivation of lettuce in a hydroponic system. Since hydroponics is an alternative cultivation technique to the traditional one, which promotes faster growth, higher productivity, greater irrigation efficiency and less need for the use of pesticides, it is considered a more efficient and sustainable form of cultivation. In this case, in addition to the fact that the water used in irrigation comes from the olive oil industry, the system’s supporting medium also had the same origin, aiming to give new life to the olive stones that are discarded in most mills. At the end of the experimental assay, the treatment of OMW provided removal rates of 85.7% in TSS, 88.2% in COD, 92.4% in BOD5, 76.6% in phenolic compounds and 99.9% in turbidity. The lettuces obtained in the hydroponic system had a survival rate of 100%, with sensory profile classifications being similar between trials. This technique for treating OMW, as well as its reuse in a lettuce cultivation system with olive stones as a supporting medium, provides the olive oil industry with a sustainable alternative and contributes to a circular economy.
Description
Keywords
Águas Ruças Alfaces Economia Circular Hidroponia Ioslp