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Abstract(s)
O presente relatório, dividido em dois capítulos, surge como parte integrante da Unidade
Curricular “Estágio” do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade
da Beira Interior.
O primeiro capítulo, subordinado ao tema “Reações Adversas a Antidepressivos
reportadas aos Sistema Nacional de Farmacovigilância nos últimos 11 anos: Um Estudo
Comparativo”, remete para o trabalho desenvolvido no âmbito da componente de
Investigação, sob orientação da Prof. Doutora Maria da Assunção Vaz Patto e da Prof.
Doutora Cristina Jesus Monteiro. A informação presente na literatura sobre os efeitos
adversos associados à utilização de antidepressivos é ainda muito escassa. Nos últimos
anos, tem-se vindo a observar uma crescente utilização de antidepressivos, o que
constitui um motivo de preocupação, atendendo ao facto de que, tal como qualquer outro
medicamento, também os antidepressivos podem apresentar respostas nocivas e não
intencionais. Assim, assume-se de especial importância a monitorização do perfil de
segurança dos antidepressivos, através da deteção e avaliação dos seus efeitos adversos.
O objetivo do presente estudo consiste na caracterização de todas as suspeitas de reações
adversas referentes à utilização de antidepressivos, comunicadas ao Sistema Nacional de
Farmacovigilância entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2020, e posterior comparação
dos resultados obtidos na população adulta com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os
64 anos e na população idosa com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos. Para o efeito, foram
considerados diversos parâmetros como, faixa etária e género dos indivíduos, grupo
farmacológico envolvido, gravidade (com especial enfoque nos casos graves), evolução e
tipo de notificador. Das 751 notificações reportadas, 496 dizem respeito à população
adulta; as restantes 255 notificações correspondem, por sua vez, à população idosa. As
reações adversas comunicadas afetaram em maior extensão o sexo feminino de ambos
os grupos etários. Os Inibidores Seletivos da Recaptação de Serotonina foram os
principais responsáveis pelos casos registados na população adulta; já os Antidepressivos
Tricíclicos assumiram o encargo da maioria das reações adversas notificadas pela
população idosa. No entanto, é de salientar que, para ambas as populações, o
antidepressivo mais associado a reações adversas corresponde à trazodona. Verificou-se
ainda, para ambas as faixas etárias, uma predominância dos casos graves; não obstante,
a maioria dos casos acabou por evoluir para cura. Os Titulares de Autorização de
Introdução no Mercado foram os principais notificadores dos casos registados na
população adulta; em contrapartida, na população idosa, os médicos e os farmacêuticos mostraram-se mais ativos no ato de notificar. Assim, atendendo aos resultados obtidos,
alerta-se para a importância de reportar reações adversas e sugere-se que se caminhe no
sentido de incluir os idosos nos ensaios clínicos, de forma a depreender como os
medicamentos afetam esta faixa etária após a sua utilização em contexto real.
O segundo capítulo retrata a experiência profissionalizante adquirida na vertente de
Farmácia Comunitária, através do estágio curricular realizado na Farmácia Pedroso, na
Covilhã, durante o período de 21 de fevereiro a 8 de julho de 2022, sob orientação do Dr.
João Vale. A realização do estágio permitiu-me compreender as diversas áreas de
intervenção do farmacêutico comunitário e a importância do seu papel, enquanto
especialista do medicamento, na promoção da saúde e da utilização racional dos
medicamentos. Neste capítulo, são abordadas as várias atividades realizadas em contexto
de farmácia comunitária, desde o aconselhamento e dispensa de medicamentos até às
tarefas desempenhadas no back-office (gestão de encomendas, gestão de stocks, controlo
de prazos de validade, entre outros). Mais, são ainda apresentadas algumas
especificidades relativamente ao enquadramento legal e financeiro do setor.
This report, divided in two chapters, is part of the Curricular Unit "Internship" of the Integrated Master's Degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Beira Interior. The first chapter, under the theme "Adverse Reactions to Antidepressants reported to the National Pharmacovigilance System in the last 11 years: A Comparative Study", refers to the work developed within the Research component, under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Maria da Assunção Vaz Patto and Prof. Dr. Cristina Jesus Monteiro. Information in the literature on the adverse effects associated with the use of antidepressants is still very scarce. In recent years, an increasing use of antidepressants has been observed which is concerning given the fact that, similarly to other medicines, antidepressants may also present harmful and unintended responses. Thus, it is of particular importance to monitor the safety profile of antidepressants by detecting and assessing their adverse effects. The aim of this study was to characterize all suspected adverse reactions related to the use of antidepressants reported to the National Pharmacovigilance System between January 2010 and December 2020, and then compare the results obtained in the adult population aged between 18 and 64 years and in the elderly population aged 65 years or over. For this purpose, several parameters were considered such as, age range and gender of the individuals, pharmacological group involved, seriousness (with special focus on serious cases), evolution and type of reporter. Of the 751 reports, 496 concerned the adult population; the remaining 255 reports corresponded, in turn, to the elderly population. The adverse reactions reported affected females to a greater extent in both age groups. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors were mainly responsible for the cases reported in the adult population, while Tricyclic Antidepressants were responsible for most of the adverse reactions reported in the elderly population. However, it should be noted that, for both populations, trazodone was the antidepressant most associated to adverse reactions. For both age groups, there was also a greater predominance of serious cases; nevertheless, most cases ended up evolving to cure. Marketing Authorization Holders were the main reporters of the cases registered in the adult population; in contrast, in the elderly population, physicians and pharmacists were more active in the act of reporting. Thus, given the results obtained, we draw attention to the importance of reporting adverse reactions and suggest that we move towards including the elderly in clinical trials, in order to understand how medicines affect this age group after their use in real life. The second chapter portrays the professional experience acquired in the field of Community Pharmacy, through the curricular internship carried out at Farmácia Pedroso, in Covilhã, during the period from February 21st to July 8th of 2022, under the supervision of Dr. João Vale. The internship led to the understanding of the different areas of intervention of the community pharmacist and the importance of its role, as a medicine specialist, in promoting health and rational use of medicines. This chapter covers the various activities carried out in a community pharmacy context, from counselling and dispensing medicines to the tasks performed in the back-office (order management, stock management, expiry date control, among others). In addition, some specificities regarding the legal and financial framework of the sector are also presented.
This report, divided in two chapters, is part of the Curricular Unit "Internship" of the Integrated Master's Degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Beira Interior. The first chapter, under the theme "Adverse Reactions to Antidepressants reported to the National Pharmacovigilance System in the last 11 years: A Comparative Study", refers to the work developed within the Research component, under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Maria da Assunção Vaz Patto and Prof. Dr. Cristina Jesus Monteiro. Information in the literature on the adverse effects associated with the use of antidepressants is still very scarce. In recent years, an increasing use of antidepressants has been observed which is concerning given the fact that, similarly to other medicines, antidepressants may also present harmful and unintended responses. Thus, it is of particular importance to monitor the safety profile of antidepressants by detecting and assessing their adverse effects. The aim of this study was to characterize all suspected adverse reactions related to the use of antidepressants reported to the National Pharmacovigilance System between January 2010 and December 2020, and then compare the results obtained in the adult population aged between 18 and 64 years and in the elderly population aged 65 years or over. For this purpose, several parameters were considered such as, age range and gender of the individuals, pharmacological group involved, seriousness (with special focus on serious cases), evolution and type of reporter. Of the 751 reports, 496 concerned the adult population; the remaining 255 reports corresponded, in turn, to the elderly population. The adverse reactions reported affected females to a greater extent in both age groups. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors were mainly responsible for the cases reported in the adult population, while Tricyclic Antidepressants were responsible for most of the adverse reactions reported in the elderly population. However, it should be noted that, for both populations, trazodone was the antidepressant most associated to adverse reactions. For both age groups, there was also a greater predominance of serious cases; nevertheless, most cases ended up evolving to cure. Marketing Authorization Holders were the main reporters of the cases registered in the adult population; in contrast, in the elderly population, physicians and pharmacists were more active in the act of reporting. Thus, given the results obtained, we draw attention to the importance of reporting adverse reactions and suggest that we move towards including the elderly in clinical trials, in order to understand how medicines affect this age group after their use in real life. The second chapter portrays the professional experience acquired in the field of Community Pharmacy, through the curricular internship carried out at Farmácia Pedroso, in Covilhã, during the period from February 21st to July 8th of 2022, under the supervision of Dr. João Vale. The internship led to the understanding of the different areas of intervention of the community pharmacist and the importance of its role, as a medicine specialist, in promoting health and rational use of medicines. This chapter covers the various activities carried out in a community pharmacy context, from counselling and dispensing medicines to the tasks performed in the back-office (order management, stock management, expiry date control, among others). In addition, some specificities regarding the legal and financial framework of the sector are also presented.
Description
Keywords
Adulto Antidepressivos Farmácia Comunitária Farmacovigilância Idoso Reação Adversa a Medicamentos