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Authors
Abstract(s)
Atualmente, mais de metade da população mundial confronta-se com a necessidade de tomar medicação e de adotar medidas de controlo e tratamento de diversas doenças, nomeadamente, crónicas. Os doentes com doença crónica são apontados como os que menos aderem à terapêutica, pelo será necessário compreender este fenómeno. A hipertensão arterial (HTA) é uma das doenças crónicas mais prevalentes na população portuguesa, com uma prevalência de 26.9% em 2013 (DGS, 2013). O controlo da hipertensão arterial torna-se fundamental a fim de reduzir a morbilidade e a mortalidade por doença cardiovascular. Neste sentido, a hipertensão arterial acarreta inúmeros cuidados médicos diários que passam pela toma da medicação de forma correta e pela alteração de hábitos de vida do doente. Torna-se, igualmente, essencial compreender quais as crenças que os doentes possuem de modo a perceber como as mesmas influenciam o processo de adesão ao tratamento. Também as crenças sobre a medicação são objeto de estudo desta investigação de forma a perceber como estas convicções interferem com a adesão à terapêutica.
A amostra desta investigação foi constituída por 84 indivíduos com hipertensão arterial provenientes do Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, em Loures. Com o intuito de obter uma representação fiável das variáveis em estudo, recorreu-se a quatro instrumentos de colheita de dados, sendo eles: o questionário sociodemográfico, o Illness Perception Questionnaire Brief (IPQ-B), a Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos e o Questionário de Crenças acerca da Medicação.
Os resultados permitiram verificar um nível de adesão elevada e hábitos de saúde saudáveis, bem como um nível de satisfação com a informação recebida. A grande maioria da amostra concebe a HTA como uma doença crónica que requer cuidados diários, evidenciando-se na necessidade que os doentes têm da medicação. Constatamos que quando aumenta a perceção do uso excessivo de medicação, maior é a perceção da toxicidade da mesma. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem que quanto maior é a perceção da recomendação de medicação excessiva pelos médicos, menor é o grau de adesão ao regime terapêutico. Verificamos, ainda, que os sujeitos sem filhos apresentam necessidades específicas relativamente à medicação comparativamente com os sujeitos que não têm filhos. Os doentes mais satisfeitos com a informação sobre a HTA revelaram ter maiores crenças relativamente à necessidade de medicação assim como preocupações específicas sobre os fármacos.
Desta forma, urge a pertinência na atuação dos profissionais de saúde nas crenças que os doentes têm sobre a medicação e a doença de modo a conduzir a um bom sucesso terapêutico.
Currently, more than half of the world population is confronted with the need to take medication and to adopt measures to control and treat various diseases, namely, chronic diseases. Patients with chronic disease are indicated as those who less adhere to medical recommendations, so it is necessary to understand this phenomenon. Hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the Portuguese population, with a prevalence of 26.9% in 2013 (DGS, 2013). Control of high blood pressure becomes essential in to reduce morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. In this sense, high blood pressure is the cause of innumerable daily medical care, that go from taking the medication correctly to changing the habits of the patient. It is also essential to understand what beliefs patients have in order to understand how they influence on the process of adherence to treatment. The beliefs about medication are also object of study of this research in to perceive how these convictions interfere with adherence to medical recommendations. The sample of this investigation consists of 84 individuals with blood pressure from the Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, in Loures. In order to obtain a reliable representation of the variables under study, four data collection instruments were used: the sociodemographic questionnaire; the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Brief (IPQ-B); Treatment Adherence Measure and Medication Belief Questionnaire. The obtained results showed a high adherence level and healthy habits, as well as level of satisfaction with the adequate information received. The majority of the sample perceives hypertension as a chronic disease that requires daily care, which manifests in the need of medication. We have verified that when the perception of medication overuse increases, the greater the perception of the medication´s toxicity. The results also showed that the greater the perception of medication overuse, the lower is the adherence to the therapeutic regimen. We also verified that people without children present specific needs with medication, compared to individuals with children. Patients who were the most satisfied about the information on hypertension, were the ones who had more beliefs about the need of medication, as well as specific concerns about the drugs. In this way, it is imperative the role of health professionals in patients´ beliefs about medication and disease in order to lead to a successful therapeutic success.
Currently, more than half of the world population is confronted with the need to take medication and to adopt measures to control and treat various diseases, namely, chronic diseases. Patients with chronic disease are indicated as those who less adhere to medical recommendations, so it is necessary to understand this phenomenon. Hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the Portuguese population, with a prevalence of 26.9% in 2013 (DGS, 2013). Control of high blood pressure becomes essential in to reduce morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. In this sense, high blood pressure is the cause of innumerable daily medical care, that go from taking the medication correctly to changing the habits of the patient. It is also essential to understand what beliefs patients have in order to understand how they influence on the process of adherence to treatment. The beliefs about medication are also object of study of this research in to perceive how these convictions interfere with adherence to medical recommendations. The sample of this investigation consists of 84 individuals with blood pressure from the Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, in Loures. In order to obtain a reliable representation of the variables under study, four data collection instruments were used: the sociodemographic questionnaire; the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Brief (IPQ-B); Treatment Adherence Measure and Medication Belief Questionnaire. The obtained results showed a high adherence level and healthy habits, as well as level of satisfaction with the adequate information received. The majority of the sample perceives hypertension as a chronic disease that requires daily care, which manifests in the need of medication. We have verified that when the perception of medication overuse increases, the greater the perception of the medication´s toxicity. The results also showed that the greater the perception of medication overuse, the lower is the adherence to the therapeutic regimen. We also verified that people without children present specific needs with medication, compared to individuals with children. Patients who were the most satisfied about the information on hypertension, were the ones who had more beliefs about the need of medication, as well as specific concerns about the drugs. In this way, it is imperative the role of health professionals in patients´ beliefs about medication and disease in order to lead to a successful therapeutic success.
Description
Keywords
Adesão Ao Tratamento Crenças de Doença Gestão da Doença Hipertensão Arterial Medicação