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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A subida dos preƧos dos combustĆveis fĆ³sseis, o aquecimento global devido ao efeito
de estufa, sĆ£o razƵes que obrigam ao desenvolvimento das energias renovĆ”veis, em
complemento aos combustĆveis fĆ³sseis. Portugal tem condiƧƵes privilegiadas para um
desenvolvimento favorƔvel no campo das energias renovƔveis. Atualmente, a maior
parte da produĆ§Ć£o de energia recorrendo a fontes renovĆ”veis provem das hĆdricas,
dos parques eĆ³licos e fotovoltaicos. Os clientes de baixa tensĆ£o (BT) mostram-se
essenciais na expansĆ£o deste tipo de aproveitamentos, uma vez que recorrendo a
estes tambĆ©m eles podem produzir eletricidade para entregar Ć rede, sendo este o
conceito da microgeraĆ§Ć£o.
Em 2007 houve um incentivo fiscal e financeiro para a adoĆ§Ć£o de unidades de
microgeraĆ§Ć£o por parte de pessoas em nome individual como produtores de energia.
Nessa altura, houve uma procura sempre crescente desse tipo de investimento,
nomeadamente o investimento fotovoltaico. No entanto, as alteraƧƵes Ć lei da
microproduĆ§Ć£o em 2010 e depois em 2013 e finalmente em 2014, bem como a
atualizaĆ§Ć£o anual da taxa remuneratĆ³ria, trouxeram uma grande queda neste tipo de
investimento.
Esta dissertaĆ§Ć£o tem como objetivo estudar o impacto e verificar o que aconteceu
com essas alteraƧƵes da lei que vieram provocar esse decrƩscimo de investimento ao
longo destes anos. SerĆ” assim feita uma avaliaĆ§Ć£o das diferenƧas das leis que
regularam a microgeraĆ§Ć£o atĆ© Ć lei vigente e das taxas remuneratĆ³rias, do estado
atual da tecnologia das cƩlulas fotovoltaicas, e, posteriormente, do impacto
econĆ³mico-financeira de sistemas de microgeraĆ§Ć£o solar ā sistemas que injetam a
totalidade da energia produzida na rede, e sistemas que consomem a totalidade da
energia produzida.
O resultado obtido torna possĆvel responder Ć pergunta se a instalaĆ§Ć£o de
microgeraĆ§Ć£o fotovoltaica Ć© ainda um investimento financeiro seguro/rentĆ”vel para
os microprodutores, sendo obtidos grĆ”ficos de comparaĆ§Ć£o que ilustram a
viabilidade, ou nĆ£o, das instalaƧƵes de microgeraĆ§Ć£o fotovoltaica em Portugal.
Rising prices of fossil fuels, global warming due to the greenhouse effect, are compelling reasons for the development of renewable energy as a complement to fossil fuels. Portugal has privileged conditions for a favorable development in the field of renewable energy sources. Currently, most of the energy generation using renewable sources comes from hydropower, wind farms and photovoltaic power accounting for about half of the power produced in Portugal. In this framework, the low voltage customers are crucial in the expansion of this type of renewables, since using these also they can produce electricity and deliver it to the grid, implementing the concepts of microgeneration and demand-side response. This process can be traced back to 2007, when a fiscal and financial incentive for the adoption of micro-generation units by individual people as energy producers was adopted. At that time, there was an ever-increasing demand for this type of investment, namely photovoltaic power investment. However, with the changes to the law of micro production in 2010,2013 and finally in 2014, as well as the annual update of the payment rate, brought a large drop in this type of investment. This dissertation aims to study the impacts and analyze what occurred with these changes in the law, that have caused this decrease in investment over the years. An assessment of the differences between the existing law at the time and current remuneration rates, the current status of photovoltaic cell technology, followed by an economic-financial assessment of solar microgeneration systems, i.e. systems that inject the produced energy in the grid, as well as residential self-consumption systems that "absorb" the entire energy production. The obtained result makes it possible to answer the question whether the photovoltaic microgeneration plant is still a safe / profitable financial investment for the micro producers, and comparative analyzes/graphs are drawn, illustrating the present feasibility or not of the photovoltaic microgeneration installations in Portugal.
Rising prices of fossil fuels, global warming due to the greenhouse effect, are compelling reasons for the development of renewable energy as a complement to fossil fuels. Portugal has privileged conditions for a favorable development in the field of renewable energy sources. Currently, most of the energy generation using renewable sources comes from hydropower, wind farms and photovoltaic power accounting for about half of the power produced in Portugal. In this framework, the low voltage customers are crucial in the expansion of this type of renewables, since using these also they can produce electricity and deliver it to the grid, implementing the concepts of microgeneration and demand-side response. This process can be traced back to 2007, when a fiscal and financial incentive for the adoption of micro-generation units by individual people as energy producers was adopted. At that time, there was an ever-increasing demand for this type of investment, namely photovoltaic power investment. However, with the changes to the law of micro production in 2010,2013 and finally in 2014, as well as the annual update of the payment rate, brought a large drop in this type of investment. This dissertation aims to study the impacts and analyze what occurred with these changes in the law, that have caused this decrease in investment over the years. An assessment of the differences between the existing law at the time and current remuneration rates, the current status of photovoltaic cell technology, followed by an economic-financial assessment of solar microgeneration systems, i.e. systems that inject the produced energy in the grid, as well as residential self-consumption systems that "absorb" the entire energy production. The obtained result makes it possible to answer the question whether the photovoltaic microgeneration plant is still a safe / profitable financial investment for the micro producers, and comparative analyzes/graphs are drawn, illustrating the present feasibility or not of the photovoltaic microgeneration installations in Portugal.
Description
Keywords
AmortizaĆ§Ć£o Fotovoltaico Investimento MicrogeraĆ§Ć£o ProduĆ§Ć£o Anual