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Abstract(s)
O termo personalidade pode ser definido como um conjunto de qualidades
individuais que se demonstram através do comportamento de determinado indivíduo em
situações variadas.
É importante reconhecer que num distúrbio mental os comportamentos da
pessoa diferem dos tidos anteriormente, enquanto num indivíduo saudável o seu padrão
comportamental global mantem-se estável ao longo do tempo.
A possibilidade de determinados tipos de personalidade aumentarem a
predisposição para distúrbios psiquiátricos, por modificarem a resposta de cada
indivíduo a eventos stressantes, é um conceito bastante importante. No entanto, tal
hipótese ainda é alvo de grande controvérsia.
Existem evidências de que experiências traumáticas durante infância influenciam
o desenvolvimento da personalidade de um indivíduo, podendo tais acontecimentos
predispor ao desenvolvimento de um distúrbio de identidade dissociativa, entre outras
patologias.
O distúrbio de identidade dissociativa, anteriormente conhecido como distúrbio
de personalidade múltipla ou distúrbio de personalidade dissociativa, consiste na
existência de dois ou mais estados de personalidade, que alternam no “controlo” da
pessoa. O indivíduo experiencia amnésia dissociativa, ou seja, incapacidade de recordar
informações pessoais importantes, eventos quotidianos e até mesmo acontecimentos
traumáticos, não podendo esta amnésia ser explicada pelo esquecimento natural que vai
ocorrendo ao longo dos anos.
Para a elaboração deste trabalho efetuou-se a pesquisa de artigos científicos em
bases de dados, mais especificamente a PubMed. Foram também utilizados vários
manuais das áreas de Psiquiatria e Psicologia, bem como uma autobiografia e um livro
escrito por uma jornalista psiquiátrica, onde a mesma retrata um caso de uma paciente
com a patologia abordada.
O objetivo desta dissertação é, portanto, estudar a forma como eventos
traumáticos conduzem ao aparecimento de uma perturbação de identidade dissociativa
e de que forma esta perturbação de identidade se trata de uma estratégia do indivíduo
em causa para lidar com o evento traumatizante.
The term personality can be defined as a group of individual qualities, which can be demonstrated by the behavior of a certain individual in several situations. It’s important to understand that in a mental disorder the individual’s behavior differ from the ones he/she had previously, whilst in an healthy individual it remains stable throughout time. The possibility that some types of personality raise the odds of having a predisposition for psychiatric disorders, by modifying the response of each person to stressful events, is a very significant notion. But such possibility is still very controversial. There is evidence that traumatic experiences which occurred during childhood may influence each individual’s personality development, and that such events can predispose to the development of a dissociative identity disorder, among other pathologies. The dissociative identity disorder, previously known as multiple personality disorder or dissociative personality disorder, consist on the existence of two or more states of personality, which alternate the person’s “control”. The individual experiences dissociative amnesia, which means inability to remember important personal information, everyday events and even traumatic ones, and this amnesia can not be explained by the natural forgetfulness that occurs with age. To elaborate this work, research of scientific articles was made in databases, more specifically in Pubmed. Several books on Psychiatry and Psychology were also used, as well as an autobiography and a psychiatric journalist’s book which approaches a case of the addressed pathology. This dissertation’s goal is, therefore, to study the way that traumatic events can lead to the appearance of a dissociative identity disorder and also to determine how this identity disorder is an individual’s strategy to deal with the traumatic event.
The term personality can be defined as a group of individual qualities, which can be demonstrated by the behavior of a certain individual in several situations. It’s important to understand that in a mental disorder the individual’s behavior differ from the ones he/she had previously, whilst in an healthy individual it remains stable throughout time. The possibility that some types of personality raise the odds of having a predisposition for psychiatric disorders, by modifying the response of each person to stressful events, is a very significant notion. But such possibility is still very controversial. There is evidence that traumatic experiences which occurred during childhood may influence each individual’s personality development, and that such events can predispose to the development of a dissociative identity disorder, among other pathologies. The dissociative identity disorder, previously known as multiple personality disorder or dissociative personality disorder, consist on the existence of two or more states of personality, which alternate the person’s “control”. The individual experiences dissociative amnesia, which means inability to remember important personal information, everyday events and even traumatic ones, and this amnesia can not be explained by the natural forgetfulness that occurs with age. To elaborate this work, research of scientific articles was made in databases, more specifically in Pubmed. Several books on Psychiatry and Psychology were also used, as well as an autobiography and a psychiatric journalist’s book which approaches a case of the addressed pathology. This dissertation’s goal is, therefore, to study the way that traumatic events can lead to the appearance of a dissociative identity disorder and also to determine how this identity disorder is an individual’s strategy to deal with the traumatic event.
Description
Keywords
Abuso Sexual Distúrbio de Identidade Dissociativa Trauma