Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A agitação no dia a dia da população faz com que haja uma menor capacidade de
descanso e de obter um sono restaurador e completo. Perante este facto é fulcral
entender melhor a fisiologia do sono e de que forma pode afetar o declínio cognitivo.
Dado o aumento alarmante da incidência da Doença de Alzheimer e não havendo uma
cura, é fundamental investir na identificação de possíveis fatores de risco modificáveis e
apostar na prevenção através dos mesmos.
A presente dissertação pretende sistematizar a informação atualmente disponível de
investigações que pesquisam a relação entre a má qualidade do sono e a Doença de
Alzheimer e de que forma um sono fragmentado, reduzido ou prolongado pode
contribuir para a patogénese da Doença de Alzheimer. Para tal, procedeu-se a uma
pesquisa de artigos científicos na sua maioria e completou-se com informações
pertinentes de revistas, websites e relatórios de organizações não governamentais.
Verificou-se, em alguns estudos, que, em sonos curtos e prolongados, privação do sono
ou patologias, como insónia ou Síndrome de Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono, há um
aumento das proteínas neuropatológicas da Doença de Alzheimer, principalmente, da
ß-amilóide e uma diminuição da função cognitiva a nível da memória e da fluência. Em
alguns estudos com privação do sono ou alterações do ciclo sono-vigília em que tal não
se verificou como nos trabalhadores por turnos, surgiu a hipótese de haver uma
capacidade de recuperar os ciclos alterados com sonos completos.
Salienta-se a descrição, em inúmeros estudos, da bidirecionalidade entre o sono e a
Doença de Alzheimer. Por um lado, o sono pode aumentar os níveis de ß-amilóide,
favorecendo a patofisiologia demencial. Por outro, a Doença de Alzheimer leva a morte
celular em áreas corticais importantes para a correta função do sono.
No futuro, de forma a colmatar a falta de informação acerca deste tema, será
importante investir em estudos longitudinais que permitam confirmar se existe uma
possível causa-efeito entre a má higiene do sono e a patologia da Doença de Alzheimer.
Também será relevante considerar a hipótese de que uma noite com qualidade irá
reduzir os efeitos nefastos de noites prejudicadas.
The daily routine of the population means that there is less capacity for rest and for restorative and complete sleep. Given this fact, it is crucial to better understand the physiology of sleep and how it can affect cognitive decline. Given the alarming increase in the incidence of Alzheimer's Disease and with no cure, it is essential to invest in the identification of possible modificable risk factors and invest in prevention through them. This review intends to systematize the information currently available that investigate the relationship between poor sleep quality and Alzheimer's Disease and how fragmented, reduced or prolonged sleep can contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. To this end, a majority of scientific articles were researched and completed with pertinent information from magazines, websites and reports from nongovernmental organizations. In some studies, it was found that, in short and prolonged sleeps, sleep deprivation or pathologies, such as insomnia or Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, there is an increase in the neuropathological proteins of Alzheimer's Disease, mainly of ß-amyloid and a decrease in cognitive function in terms of memory and fluency. In some studies with sleep deprivation or changes in the sleep-wake cycle in which this was not observed, like the case for shift workers, the hypothesis arose that there was an ability to recover altered cycles with complete sleep. The description, in numerous studies, of bidirectionality between sleep and Alzheimer's Disease is emphasized. On the one hand, sleep can increase ß-amyloid levels, favoring dementia pathophysiology. On the other, Alzheimer's disease leads to cell death in cortical areas that are important for proper sleep function. In the future, in order to make up for the lack of information on this topic, it will be important to invest in longitudinal studies to confirm whether there is a possible causeeffect between poor sleep hygiene and the pathology of Alzheimer's Disease. It will also be relevant to consider the hypothesis that a quality night will reduce the harmful effects of impaired nights.
The daily routine of the population means that there is less capacity for rest and for restorative and complete sleep. Given this fact, it is crucial to better understand the physiology of sleep and how it can affect cognitive decline. Given the alarming increase in the incidence of Alzheimer's Disease and with no cure, it is essential to invest in the identification of possible modificable risk factors and invest in prevention through them. This review intends to systematize the information currently available that investigate the relationship between poor sleep quality and Alzheimer's Disease and how fragmented, reduced or prolonged sleep can contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. To this end, a majority of scientific articles were researched and completed with pertinent information from magazines, websites and reports from nongovernmental organizations. In some studies, it was found that, in short and prolonged sleeps, sleep deprivation or pathologies, such as insomnia or Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, there is an increase in the neuropathological proteins of Alzheimer's Disease, mainly of ß-amyloid and a decrease in cognitive function in terms of memory and fluency. In some studies with sleep deprivation or changes in the sleep-wake cycle in which this was not observed, like the case for shift workers, the hypothesis arose that there was an ability to recover altered cycles with complete sleep. The description, in numerous studies, of bidirectionality between sleep and Alzheimer's Disease is emphasized. On the one hand, sleep can increase ß-amyloid levels, favoring dementia pathophysiology. On the other, Alzheimer's disease leads to cell death in cortical areas that are important for proper sleep function. In the future, in order to make up for the lack of information on this topic, it will be important to invest in longitudinal studies to confirm whether there is a possible causeeffect between poor sleep hygiene and the pathology of Alzheimer's Disease. It will also be relevant to consider the hypothesis that a quality night will reduce the harmful effects of impaired nights.
Description
Keywords
Demência Distúrbios do Sono Doença de Alzheimer Sono