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A presente dissertação encontra-se dividida em três capítulos, onde se encontra
descrita a minha experiência profissionalizante para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em
Ciências Farmacêuticas. O primeiro capítulo é composto por uma revisão da literatura
sobre o potencial das plantas medicinais na doença de Alzheimer e em outras
demências. A doença de Alzheimer é uma doença neurodegenerativa e a causa mais
comum de demência, cujos tratamentos atualmente disponíveis visam o controlo
sintomático, não possuindo a capacidade de alterar a deterioração progressiva da
doença nem o declínio cognitivo. Esta doença é caracterizada principalmente pela
presença de emaranhados neurofibrilares e placas beta amilóides, que resultam na
perda sináptica e morte celular. Após uma extensiva revisão bibliográfica em três bases
de dados eletrónicas, foram incluídos cinco artigos no estudo. As plantas medicinais
possuem na sua constituição compostos farmacologicamente ativos que lhes conferem
propriedades neuroprotetoras, antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias, antiapoptóticas, e
capacidade de suprimir o stress oxidativo. Nos trabalhos analisados, foram comparadas
diversas plantas medicinais em indivíduos com demência, mais propriamente, doença
de Alzheimer com grupos placebo. Evidenciou-se que as plantas medicinais, como a
Ginkgo biloba, Ginseng, Davaie Loban e Crocus sativus possuem propriedades que
têm influência a nível da memória e cognição em indivíduos com doença de Alzheimer.
Os estudos mostraram a eficácia das plantas medicinais utilizadas, exceto a Ginkgo
biloba, como terapia no tratamento da doença de Alzheimer, quando administrada
corretamente e de forma contínua, principalmente no início da patologia. Contundo,
existem ainda poucos estudos clínicos, sendo necessário a realização de ensaios clínicos
controlados e randomizados a larga escala para avaliar a eficácia de outras plantas
medicinais face ao declínio cognitivo, assim como, a realização de estudos prospetivos
para avaliar as alterações de concentração das plantas medicinais a longo prazo e a sua
potencialidade, em estágios precoces da doença de Alzheimer. O segundo capítulo
aborda as competências adquiridas e as atividades que acompanhei durante o estágio
realizado em farmácia comunitária na Covilhã e o terceiro capítulo durante o estágio
realizado em farmácia hospitalar no Centro Hospitalar Universitário Cova da Beira.
This dissertation is divided into three chapters, where my professional experience to obtain the Master's degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences is described. The first chapter comprises a review of the literature on the potential of medicinal plants in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia, whose currently available treatments are aimed at symptomatic control, not having the ability to change the progressive deterioration of the disease or cognitive decline. This disease is mainly characterized by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid beta plaques, which result in synaptic loss and cell death. After an extensive literature review in three electronic databases, five articles were included in the study. Medicinal plants have in their constitution pharmacologically active compounds that give them neuroprotective, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-apoptotic properties, and ability to suppress oxidative stress. In the analyzed studies, several medicinal plants were compared in individuals with dementia, more specifically, Alzheimer's disease with placebo groups. It has been shown that medicinal plants such as Ginkgo biloba, Ginseng, Davaie Loban and Crocus sativus have properties that influence memory and cognition in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Studies have shown the effectiveness of medicinal plants used, except Ginkgo biloba, as a therapy in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, when administered correctly and continuously, especially at the beginning of the pathology. However, there are still few clinical studies, and it is necessary to carry out large-scale controlled and randomized clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of other medicinal plants in the face of cognitive decline, as well as to carry out prospective studies to evaluate changes in the concentration of plants. long-term medicinal products and their potential in early stages of Alzheimer's disease. The approach as competences and as the activities learned during the internship in community pharmacy second in Covilhã and the third chapter during the internship carried out in hospital pharmacy at Cova da Beira university hospital center.
This dissertation is divided into three chapters, where my professional experience to obtain the Master's degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences is described. The first chapter comprises a review of the literature on the potential of medicinal plants in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia, whose currently available treatments are aimed at symptomatic control, not having the ability to change the progressive deterioration of the disease or cognitive decline. This disease is mainly characterized by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid beta plaques, which result in synaptic loss and cell death. After an extensive literature review in three electronic databases, five articles were included in the study. Medicinal plants have in their constitution pharmacologically active compounds that give them neuroprotective, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-apoptotic properties, and ability to suppress oxidative stress. In the analyzed studies, several medicinal plants were compared in individuals with dementia, more specifically, Alzheimer's disease with placebo groups. It has been shown that medicinal plants such as Ginkgo biloba, Ginseng, Davaie Loban and Crocus sativus have properties that influence memory and cognition in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Studies have shown the effectiveness of medicinal plants used, except Ginkgo biloba, as a therapy in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, when administered correctly and continuously, especially at the beginning of the pathology. However, there are still few clinical studies, and it is necessary to carry out large-scale controlled and randomized clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of other medicinal plants in the face of cognitive decline, as well as to carry out prospective studies to evaluate changes in the concentration of plants. long-term medicinal products and their potential in early stages of Alzheimer's disease. The approach as competences and as the activities learned during the internship in community pharmacy second in Covilhã and the third chapter during the internship carried out in hospital pharmacy at Cova da Beira university hospital center.
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Keywords
Demência Doença de Alzheimer Farmácia Comunitária Farmácia Hospitalar Plantas Medicinais