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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A vitamina D é uma hormona esteroide cuja principal função conhecida corresponde ao
controlo da homeostasia mineral, assumindo um importante papel no metabolismo do
cálcio e do fósforo. A prevalência de níveis baixos da vitamina D na população mundial tem
motivado um número crescente de investigações com foco nesta hormona. Estudos recentes
descobriram funções da vitamina D a nível extra-esquelético, entre as quais a modulação do
sistema imunitário, o que sugere um potencial papel desta vitamina no processo patogénico
de várias doenças autoimunes. Entre estas estão as doenças autoimunes da tiroide, cujas
principais formas de apresentação clínica são a tiroidite de Hashimoto e a doença de Graves.
O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi a realização de uma revisão da literatura científica
sobre o papel da vitamina D nas doenças autoimunes da tiroide, com foco nos níveis de
vitamina D em doentes com doença autoimune da tiroide e no efeito da suplementação com
vitamina D no tratamento destas doenças. Neste sentido, realizou-se uma pesquisa
bibliográfica em diferentes bases de dados recorrendo à combinação dos termos
“autoimmune thyroid disease”, “Hashimoto’s thyroiditis” e “Graves’ disease” com “vitamin
D” e “vitamin D supplementation”. Concluiu-se que, apesar de se verificarem alguns
resultados contraditórios, a maioria dos estudos realizados na última década apoia a
existência de uma associação entre a deficiência de vitamina D e as doenças autoimunes da
tiroide. Também já foram reportados efeitos benéficos da suplementação com vitamina D.
No futuro são necessários mais estudos de natureza longitudinal com amostras de maior
dimensão, para esclarecer a etiologia da relação entre a deficiência de vitamina D e as
doenças autoimunes da tiroide e para confirmar o benefício da suplementação com vitamina
D no tratamento destas doenças.
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone whose main known function is the control of mineral homeostasis, assuming an important role in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Prevalence of low vitamin D levels in world population has led to an increasing number of investigations focused on this hormone. Recent studies have found extraskeletal functions of vitamina D, including immune system modulation, which suggest a potential role of this vitamin in the pathogenic process of several autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune thyroid diseases, whose main form of clinical presentation are Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease, are among them. The main purpose of this work was to do a review of the scientific literature on the role of vitamin D in autoimmune thyroid diseases, focusing on these patients’ vitamin D levels and on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on autoimmune thyroid diseases’ treatment. A bibliographic research was carried out in different databases using a combination of the terms “autoimmune thyroid disease”, “Hashimoto’s thyroiditis” and “Graves’ disease” with “vitamin D” and “vitamin D supplementation”. Despite some contradictory results, most studies carried out in the last decade support the existence of an association between vitamin D deficiency and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation have also been reported. In the future, longitudinal studies with larger samples are needed to clarify the nature of the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and autoimmune thyroid diseases and to confirm the benefit of vitamin D supplementation in these diseases’ treatment.
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone whose main known function is the control of mineral homeostasis, assuming an important role in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Prevalence of low vitamin D levels in world population has led to an increasing number of investigations focused on this hormone. Recent studies have found extraskeletal functions of vitamina D, including immune system modulation, which suggest a potential role of this vitamin in the pathogenic process of several autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune thyroid diseases, whose main form of clinical presentation are Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease, are among them. The main purpose of this work was to do a review of the scientific literature on the role of vitamin D in autoimmune thyroid diseases, focusing on these patients’ vitamin D levels and on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on autoimmune thyroid diseases’ treatment. A bibliographic research was carried out in different databases using a combination of the terms “autoimmune thyroid disease”, “Hashimoto’s thyroiditis” and “Graves’ disease” with “vitamin D” and “vitamin D supplementation”. Despite some contradictory results, most studies carried out in the last decade support the existence of an association between vitamin D deficiency and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation have also been reported. In the future, longitudinal studies with larger samples are needed to clarify the nature of the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and autoimmune thyroid diseases and to confirm the benefit of vitamin D supplementation in these diseases’ treatment.
Description
Keywords
Doença de Graves Doenças Autoimunes da Tiroide Suplementação Tiroidite de Hashimoto Vitamina D