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Abstract(s)
Introdução: Todos os anos hĂĄ 16 milhĂ”es de adolescentes a serem mĂŁes a nĂvel mundial. No caso portuguĂȘs registaram-se em 2010 cerca de 3660 partos. A anĂĄlise de variĂĄveis materno-infantis tem importĂąncia por dois motivos basilares: por um lado, as complicaçÔes na gravidez sĂŁo uma das principais causas de morte em adolescentes, e por outro, estas veem o seu desenvolvimento biopsicossocial comprometido, assim como a sua educação.
Objetivos: Estudar variĂĄveis sociodemogrĂĄficas e variĂĄveis clĂnicas relacionadas com vigilĂąncia prĂ©-natal, parto e puerpĂ©rio, bem como complicaçÔes materno-infantis, em mĂŁes adolescentes. Comparar os resultados com um grupo controlo constituĂdo por mĂŁes dos 20 aos 34 anos.
MĂ©todos: Este estudo Ă© observacional, analĂtico e retrospetivo. Foi efetuada a recolha de dados do processo das grĂĄvidas e recĂ©m-nascidos cujo parto ocorreu entre 2012 e 2015 no Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira.
Resultados: A amostra Ă© constituĂda por 60 adolescentes e 123 mulheres do grupo controlo. Apenas 37,93% das grĂĄvidas adolescentes iniciaram vigilĂąncia antes das 12 semanas, ao contrĂĄrio do grupo controlo, que contou com cerca de 80%. Estes valores traduzem-se numa diferença estatisticamente significativa (X2=33.33, p<0.01). Verifica-se tambĂ©m um nĂșmero significativamente maior de gravidezes mal vigiadas em mĂŁes adolescentes (X2=27.52, p<0.01). HĂĄ uma maior prevalĂȘncia de anemia no 3Âș trimestre em mĂŁes adolescentes (X2=4.98, p=0.03). 15,25% das adolescentes tiveram parto prĂ©-termo, em comparação com 2,44% no grupo controlo (X2=10.63, p<0.01). Cerca de 40% das adolescentes e/ou os seus recĂ©m-nascidos foram sinalizados aos serviços sociais. No que se refere ao tipo de aleitamento, tanto no internamento como na consulta do puerpĂ©rio, nĂŁo se registaram diferenças significativas. No entanto, hĂĄ um nĂșmero significativamente maior de adolescentes a faltar Ă consulta do puerpĂ©rio (X2=31.66, p<0.01). NĂŁo se verificaram complicaçÔes neonatais significativas, exceto no peso e comprimento. PorĂ©m, quando ajustadas para a idade gestacional, essas diferenças dissipam-se.
ConclusĂŁo: A taxa de gravidez na adolescĂȘncia no Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira Ă© semelhante Ă observada em Portugal. Verificou-se que as grĂĄvidas adolescentes tĂȘm uma vigilĂąncia prĂ©-natal precĂĄria, maior risco de anemia e de partos prĂ©-termo. TambĂ©m no pĂłs-parto o acompanhamento destes casos Ă© insuficiente, em grande parte resultado do absentismo Ă s consultas. Ă essencial continuar a apostar na prevenção, mas tambĂ©m no acompanhamento e orientação destas jovens por equipas multidisciplinares que englobem as ĂĄreas da Ginecologia/ObstetrĂcia, Pediatria, Enfermagem, Psiquiatria, Psicologia e AssistĂȘncia Social. Deste modo, poderĂĄ ser acompanhado o caso na sua vertente biolĂłgica, social e familiar.
Introduction: Every year there are 16 million adolescents becoming mothers worldwide. In the Portuguese case, in 2010, there were approximately 3660 deliveries. The analysis of maternal-infant variables has relevance for two basic reasons: on one hand, pregnancy related complications are one of the main causes of death in adolescents, and on the other, their biopsychosocial development is compromised, as well as their education. Objectives: To study sociodemographic variables and clinical variables related to prenatal, delivery and puerperal surveillance, as well as maternal-infant complications, in adolescent mothers. To compare the results with a control group formed by mothers aged 20 to 34. Methods: This is an observational, analytical and retrospective study. Data was obtained from the files of pregnant women and newborns whose delivery occurred between 2012 and 2015 at Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira. Results: The sample is formed by 60 adolescents and 123 control group women. Only 37,93% of pregnant adolescents started surveillance before the first 12 weeks, unlike the control group, which contained about 80%. These values translate into a statistically significant difference (X2=33.3 p<0.01). There is also a significantly higher amount of poorly supervised pregnancies in adolescent mothers (X2=27.52, p<0.01). There is a higher prevalence of anemia in the third trimester in adolescent mothers (X2=4.98, p=0.03). 15,25% of adolescents had pre-term deliveries, compared to 2,44% in the control group (X2=10.63, p<0.01). About 40% of the adolescents and/or their newborns were signaled to the social services. Regarding breastfeeding, exclusive and nonexclusive breastfeeding were compared both in hospitalization and at the puerperium visit and there were no significant differences between the groups. However, there is a significantly higher number of adolescents failing the puerperium visit (X2=31.66, p<0.01). There were no significant complications in the infants born to adolescent mothers, except in weight and length. However, when adjusted to gestational age, these differences dissipate. Conclusion: The rate of teenage pregnancy at Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira is analogous to the rate observed over Portugal in general. It was verified that pregnant teenagers have poor prenatal care, an increased risk of anemia and preterm deliveries. There is also little follow-up of these cases in postpartum, largely due to the absenteeism of the medical appointments. It is essential to keep investing on prevention, but also in the monitoring and guidance of these young women by multidisciplinary teams that cover the areas of Gynecology/Obstetrics, Pediatrics, Nursing, Psychiatry, Psychology and Social Assistance. This way, the case can be followed in its biological, social and familiar aspects.
Introduction: Every year there are 16 million adolescents becoming mothers worldwide. In the Portuguese case, in 2010, there were approximately 3660 deliveries. The analysis of maternal-infant variables has relevance for two basic reasons: on one hand, pregnancy related complications are one of the main causes of death in adolescents, and on the other, their biopsychosocial development is compromised, as well as their education. Objectives: To study sociodemographic variables and clinical variables related to prenatal, delivery and puerperal surveillance, as well as maternal-infant complications, in adolescent mothers. To compare the results with a control group formed by mothers aged 20 to 34. Methods: This is an observational, analytical and retrospective study. Data was obtained from the files of pregnant women and newborns whose delivery occurred between 2012 and 2015 at Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira. Results: The sample is formed by 60 adolescents and 123 control group women. Only 37,93% of pregnant adolescents started surveillance before the first 12 weeks, unlike the control group, which contained about 80%. These values translate into a statistically significant difference (X2=33.3 p<0.01). There is also a significantly higher amount of poorly supervised pregnancies in adolescent mothers (X2=27.52, p<0.01). There is a higher prevalence of anemia in the third trimester in adolescent mothers (X2=4.98, p=0.03). 15,25% of adolescents had pre-term deliveries, compared to 2,44% in the control group (X2=10.63, p<0.01). About 40% of the adolescents and/or their newborns were signaled to the social services. Regarding breastfeeding, exclusive and nonexclusive breastfeeding were compared both in hospitalization and at the puerperium visit and there were no significant differences between the groups. However, there is a significantly higher number of adolescents failing the puerperium visit (X2=31.66, p<0.01). There were no significant complications in the infants born to adolescent mothers, except in weight and length. However, when adjusted to gestational age, these differences dissipate. Conclusion: The rate of teenage pregnancy at Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira is analogous to the rate observed over Portugal in general. It was verified that pregnant teenagers have poor prenatal care, an increased risk of anemia and preterm deliveries. There is also little follow-up of these cases in postpartum, largely due to the absenteeism of the medical appointments. It is essential to keep investing on prevention, but also in the monitoring and guidance of these young women by multidisciplinary teams that cover the areas of Gynecology/Obstetrics, Pediatrics, Nursing, Psychiatry, Psychology and Social Assistance. This way, the case can be followed in its biological, social and familiar aspects.
Description
Keywords
AdolescĂȘncia ComplicaçÔes Materno-Fetais Gravidez Prevenção