FCSH - DCD | Dissertações de Mestrado e Teses de Doutoramento
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- Social support, resilience and subjective well-being in portuguese athletes with disabilitiesPublication . Mira, Tânia Soraia Leitão; Antunes, Raul de Sousa Nogueira; Costa, Aldo Filipe Matos Moreira Carvalho daThis doctoral thesis aims to study the following variables in an integrated approach: social support, resilience, and subjective well-being in athletes with disabilities who practise adapted competitive sports. It consists of a research project divided into three studies. The first study presents a systematic review that examines the influence of adapted sports on the well-being, resilience, and social support of people with disabilities. Several databases were searched and 27 relevant studies were analysed. It concludes that adapted sport has a positive impact on the well-being, resilience, and social support of people with disabilities, contributing to their personal development, quality of life, and integration into society. The second study focuses on a socio-demographic and psychosocial characterisation of the Portuguese Paralympic Team participating in the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games. The study reveals high levels of life satisfaction, positive affect, resilience, and social support among these athletes, highlighting the importance of understanding the characteristics of Paralympic athletes to better understand the state of Paralympic sport in Portugal. The third study examines the relationship between different sources of social support (parents, coaches, friends, and best friends), resilience, and positive and negative affect in Portuguese athletes with disabilities. Results indicate that social support from multiple sources has a direct effect on resilience and affect. In addition, the study found a positive association between resilience and positive affect, and a negative association between resilience and negative affect, highlighting the importance of resilience for the well-being of athletes with disabilities. This research reinforces our belief in the importance of adapted sport and its role in improving the well-being and resilience of people with disabilities, as well as promoting social support. These conclusions seem fundamental to us as a rationale for defending and develop adapted sports. These should be taken into account by policy makers and various organisations when developing education and sport policies, as they illustrate the positive influence of adapted sport in improving the well-being, resilience and social support resources of people with disabilities. This, in turn, contributes to their personal development, quality of life and integration into society.
- The influence of sport on the physical fitness, quality of life and well-being of people with intellectual and developmental disabilitiesPublication . Diz, Susana Cristina Oliveira; Antunes, Raul de Sousa Nogueira; Costa, Aldo Filipe Matos Moreira Carvalho daThis PhD thesis consists of a research project divided into six separate studies and looks at the following variables: sport, quality of life (QoL), well-being, functional physical fitness, and body composition in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). In order to contextualise the study population, it is important to note that IDD is characterised by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour, which are expressed in conceptual, practical and social domains. It can present different degrees of severity and manifest itself up to the age of 22. After a brief introduction in chapter one, chapter two consists of a systematic review (study 1 - Physical Activity, Quality of Life and Well-Being in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disability), which aims to analyse the state of the art on the role of physical activity (PA), physical exercise (PE) and sport in QoL and well-being in people with IDD. Three databases were used to conduct the research: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, and fifteen articles met the eligibility criteria for the study. After analysing the articles, higher values were identified in the total QoL score and in some of its domains (e.g., personal development, physical well-being and emotional well-being), in life satisfaction and in the perception of well-being in people with IDD who have benefited or benefit from PA, PE and/or sports programmes. The third chapter contains a cross-sectional study (study 2 - Functional fitness and quality of life in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: an exploratory study) that aims to analyse functional physical fitness and QoL, as well as the associations between these variables, in a sample population with IDD, composed of 37 individuals. The results demonstrate an association between specific functional abilities and physical well-being, suggesting that promoting these skills can positively influence the physical well-being of the sample. The narrative review (study 3 - The use of control groups in research design: the ethical challenge in the population with intellectual and developmental disabilities), which corresponds to the fourth chapter, addresses the ethical challenges in the use of control groups in research projects. In the studies analysed on populations with IDD, it was possible to verify that most researchers favour the use of control groups that, during the research period, do not perform any activities beyond their usual daily activities. It was also possible to verify that, for the most part, the authors ensure compliance with ethical standards in studies involving human subjects. The fifth chapter, the study protocol (study 4 - The Effects of a Multi-Sports Programme on the Physical Fitness, Quality of Life, and Well-Being of People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities—A Study Protocol), describes the intervention programme to be implemented in the experimental studies, based on the practice of sports for people with IDD, with the aim of analysing its effects on body composition, functional physical fitness, QoL, and well-being. In the present study, it is stated that the convenience sample should consist of at least 24 adult participants, institutionalised, with a previous diagnosis of IDD and no associated comorbidities (e.g., visual impairment or cerebral palsy). Participants will be divided into two groups: experimental and control, with the experimental group (EG) enjoying a weekly 60-minute session for 36 weeks. The sixth chapter and first intervention study (study 5 - The effect of practising sports on the quality of life and well-being of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities) aims to analyse the effect of an intervention based on practising sports on the QoL and well-being of people with IDD. The sample consisted of 36 participants with IDD in an institutional setting, divided into two groups: the EG, composed of 23 participants, and the control group (CG), with 13 individuals. After the intervention programme, significant improvements were observed in the EG participants in the domains of self-determination, social inclusion and physical well-being of QoL, as well as in life satisfaction and negative affect. In turn, the seventh and final study (study 6 - The effect of practising sports on the body composition and physical fitness of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities) aims to analyse the effect of an intervention based on the practice of sports on the body composition and functional physical fitness of people with IDD. After the intervention programme, significant improvements were observed in the comparison between the pre-intervention and post-intervention moments in the participants of the EG in body mass index (BMI), muscle mass, sit-to-stand test and 6-minute walk test. This research reinforces the importance of PA and sports as a vehicle for improving the health, QoL, well-being, and physical fitness of people with IDD. Although still scarce, there is a growing interest in sports for people with disabilities and their benefits. In this sense, the importance of integrating this type of intervention into institutional and community contexts is increasingly evident. It is therefore essential that exercise technicians, institutions and local authorities actively contribute to the implementation of projects of this nature and, equally important, to their continuity over time.