Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas
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- Myth and reality in Minahasan history: The Waworuntu-Gallois confrontationPublication . Schouten, Maria Johanna ChristinaDiscussion of Dutch colonial policy in Minahasa (northern Sulawesi) in the 19th century. The focus is on a troubled episode around 1890 which not only revealed the harsh conditions of the indigenous population but also the Dutch attitude of superiority towards the regional elite.
- Saving for taxes or saving for pigs? A case of local-level authority in IndonesiaPublication . Schouten, Maria Johanna ChristinaDiscussion of the intermediary role of village chiefs in Minahasa (Indonesia), between the national government and the villagers, in issues such as tax collection and participation in community projects. A comparison is made between two villages where the author carried out anthropological fieldwork.
- Heads for force: on the headhunting complex in Southeast Asia and MelanésiaPublication . Schouten, Maria Johanna ChristinaCross-cultural exploration of the practice of headhunting in various tribal societies in insular Southeast Asia and in South Melanesia, as described by ethnographers since the nineteenth century. Various motives for this practice, as well as beliefs and rituals attached to it nd the gende role involved, are discussed. With data from fieldwork among the inhabitants of Minahasa in northern Sulawesi.
- Old and New Élite in a Village of SonderPublication . Schouten, Maria Johanna ChristinaAn analysis of reputation and status in Minahasa (Indonesia) in relation to socio-economic development. Two periods in the economic history of the region of Sonder are distinguished. In the colonial era, it was among the poorest in Minahasa, while after the independence of Indonesia it developed into a «dollar region» thanks to the lucrative clove cultivation. In a case study of a Sonder village, it is shown how in Dutch colonial times the few wealthy villagers were connected with the local administration and school system to become the village élite. Many of their descendants were in the 1980s still well-to-do, but have been matched by some of the «new rich», that is, entrepreneurs of humble descent.
- Eras and areas: export crops and subsistence in Minahasa, 1817-1985Publication . Schouten, Maria Johanna ChristinaDiscussion of the economic and social history of Minahasa (northern Sulawesi), focusing on the cultivation and marketing of cash crops in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Coffee, coconut (copra) and clove were the dominant export agricultural products, each in a different period. Also, there was variety in the areas within Minahasa in which these respective crops thrived, thus bringing about regional variation of social and economic conditions. Related with the main topic, attention is paid to the Dutch colonial rule, the fluctuations in the world market, the relationship between commercial and subsistence agriculture, and the trade networks before export.
- Wa'ilan and bos: status seeking in MinahasaPublication . Schouten, Maria Johanna ChristinaDiscussion of the various expressions of authority in rural Minahasa (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) and the underlying beliefs. Data on the history of the region and episodes of the author’s fieldwork are provided. Particular attention is paid to the status attributes, the festivities and the burial customs for persons with great authority.
- Innovation, Technological Transfer and Competitiviness: A territorial approach.Publication . Couto, Alcino Pinto; Reigado, Felisberto MarquesThe aim of this paper is to discuss the innovation and the technological transfer in what concerns their impact on the competitiveness of the performance of lagging regions. The distinction between the concept of innovation and technological transfer seems to be relativised, since it is assumed that the conditions for the operationalisation of the process of technological endogeneisation require contextual conditions similar to the regions that export technology. Some conclusions about the role of some factors must be taken from studies carried out and from our empirical research, concerning Beira Interior, such as the industrial structure, the quality of entrepreneurial activity and networks and cooperation for innovation, which might appear as a struggle to the process of innovation and to the technological accumulation. We also stress some of the implications on the regional policy
- University-Industry-Government Relations: Some reflections on methodological and policy issues in the context of less favoured regionsPublication . Couto, Alcino PintoSince the beginning of the eighties we are witnessing a broad recognition amongst economists and policy makers of the importance of knowledge accumulation for the economic growth. This context explains the reinforcement of knowledge, technology and innovation centrality in the researchers agenda as well as in the design of the economic policy. As a result of the previous trends we need to consider two fundamental aspects from the viewpoint of regional and local development. First, the knowledge, technology and innovation play an important role on the performance of regional and local economy. Second, this means that the innovative activities emerge as a crucial vector of the process of convergence and inter-regional cohesion. In this case, we think that the contextual conditions of less favoured regions involve a reconfiguration of the methods of evaluating the innovative potential and analysing the role of the components of institutional structure, the working of that composite and varied set of actors involved in the different stages of the innovation and diffusion process. More attention should be drawn to the evaluation methodologies of the innovative process and its potential, the strategic role of university (missions, teaching activities, research activities, new organisational forms, the relations between the organisation of the university and its environment, ...) and to the design of the public policy ( financial support, demand-side policy, support to technological development and technological advice and guidance of local firms, regionalisation of technological policy, ...).
- Gender and the sexes in the Indonesian ArchipelagoPublication . Schouten, Maria Johanna ChristinaReview of book discussing gender in various regions of the Southeast Asian culture area
- Gender and the sexes in the Indonesian ArchipelagoPublication . Schouten, Maria Johanna ChristinaReview of collection of studies regarding gender in several regions of Southeast Asia. The articles in this volume, first presented as papers at a conference of the Association for South-East Asian Studies in the United Kingdom, add to the literature on gender in Southeast Asia. Although that literature may seem extensive by now, this publication is certainly not repetitive or redundant. On the contrary, besides presenting awealth of data, it attests to how useful and refreshing an approach which focuses on gender and gender relations can be, even when examining seemingly well-known facts.