Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2020-08"
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- Are hospitals our friends? An exploratory study on the role of Facebook in hospital organizations’ dialogic communicationPublication . Gonçalves, GiselaRooted in the dialogic public relations model, the aim of this paper was to analyze the way in which hospital organizations use Facebook to communicate and build relationships with their patients and followers. Using a content analysis of Facebook profiles, there is a reflection on how dialogic principles are applied in the management of Facebook by hospitals in Portugal. Special attention will be paid to communication regarding the Zika virus, which was of public interest at the time the empirical analysis was carried out. The study demonstrates that Portuguese hospitals are present on Facebook but do not use the social network dialogically or to communicate about topical themes of public interest.
- Prevalence and clinical features of adverse food reactions in Portuguese adolescentsPublication . Lozoya-Ibáñez, Carlos; Morgado-Nunes, Sara; Rodrigues, Alexandra; Fernandes, Patrícia; Lourenço, Olga; Fonseca, Ana Mafalda; Barata, Luís TabordaBackground & aims: The objective of the present study was to determine, for the first time, the prevalence and clinical features of food allergy in Portuguese adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study performed in various secondary schools in central Portugal. Randomly selected adolescents replied to a validated food allergy questionnaire. Those who reported an adverse food reaction were seen at participating hospitals, where clinical history was taken, skin prick (SPT) and prick-prick skin (SPPT) tests were performed, and food allergen-specific IgE levels (sIgE) were determined. An open oral challenge was performed in selected cases. Cases of positive clinical history of immediate (up to 2 h after ingestion) reaction in association with positive food sIgE levels and/or SPT were classified as IgE-associated probable food allergy and as confirmed IgE-mediated food allergy if food challenges were positive. Cases of positive clinical history of delayed (more than 2 h after ingestion) and negative food sIgE levels independently of positive SPT or SPPT results, were classified as non-IgE associated probable food allergy. Results: The prevalence of probable food allergy in Portuguese adolescents was 1.41% (95% CI: 0.90–2.03%), with fresh fruits, shellfish, nuts, and peanut as the most frequently implicated foods. IgE-mediated probable food allergy occurred in 1.23% (95% CI: 0.67–1.72%) of cases, with fresh fruits, shellfish, and nuts mainly involved. Cutaneous symptoms were most frequently reported. Conclusions: The prevalence of probable food allergies in Portuguese adolescents is low, is mostly related to fresh fruits, shellfish, nuts, and peanut, and most frequently involves cutaneous symptoms.
- A Measure of Child Exposure to Household Material Deprivation: Empirical Evidence from the Portuguese EU-SILCPublication . Ferrão, Maria Eugénia; Bastos, Amélia; Alves, Maria Teresa G.Although monitoring and evaluating child poverty has been recognized as important, there is little statistical information focused on children. Because the annual EUStatistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey does not include child-specific information on an annual basis, this study proposes a measure of child exposure to household material deprivation based on this dataset. The study considers four domains of deprivation that have a direct impact on child development: housing conditions, household financial capacity, household durable goods, and environmental living conditions. Although developing a child-centered measurement of child deprivation is important, the EU-SILC considers the household as the unit of measurement. Therefore, our proposal is household-based, allowing annual monitoring of children’s exposure to deprivation—an important insight for social policy purposes to tackle the problem of child poverty. Using the 2017 Portuguese sample, we applied graded response models to assess the psychometric properties of the EU-SILC items and fit separate indexes per domain and the composite index. Item selection was based on their characteristic curves and information functions. The results allow for the selection of more informative items for every domain to obtain the composite index. In general, the empirical analysis confirmed the theoretical approach for item selection. The methodology may be directly applied to the full EU dataset or to each country individually.
- ¿Es ético que un periodista concilie las actividades de la sala de redacción con las de la oficina de prensa? Un análisis del caso brasileñoPublication . Toniolo, Bianca P.; De Pinho Pereira, NathaliaAunque Portugal ya ha superado el debate sobre las cuestiones éticas relacionadas con el ejercicio concomitante de actividades en las salas de re-dacción y oficinas de prensa por parte de los periodistas, en el Brasil el tema sigue generando controversia. Si en el país lusitano la función de asesor de prensa es desempeñada principalmente por profesionales de las relaciones públicas, prohibiéndose a los periodistas trabajar, al mismo tiempo, como reporteros y asesores de prensa, en las tierras de Tupiniquim los periodistas pueden, sin ningún impedimento, realizar el doble trabajo. Nuestra intención en esta investigación es presentar argumentos que demuestren la tesis de que la conciliación de las actividades en las salas de redacción y oficinas de prensa por parte de los periodistas representa una incompatibilidad ética de la conducta profesional. Como método para exponer el razonamiento, utilizamos la teoría de Weston (1996) y dividimos nuestros argumentos en tres tipos: argumentos de autoridad, argumentos basados en ejemplos y argumentos por analogía.
- The Role of Injector Heat Transfer in Supercritical Injection PhenomenaPublication . Magalhães, Leandro; Silva, A. R. R.; Barata, Jorge M MPressure and temperature increase in combustion chambers of Liquid Rocket Engines (LRE’s), while enhancing injection and combustion efficiencies, leads to both fuels and oxidizers to exceed their critical point conditions, reaching the domain of supercritical fluid flows. For these conditions, it is well known that the flow exhibits a quantitative gas jet-like behavior, and therefore may be described successfully with a relatively straightforward approach developed for incompressible but variable density flows. The present paper presents the application of a RANS method as a valid cost-effective flow description method. Experimental conditions are selected, consisting of both ends of the Widom line, in gas-like and liquid-like configurations, dominated over by mechanical and thermal breakup processes, respectively. This is evaluated by assessing the suitable boundary conditions for an accurate and physical representation of the injection processes. In this sense, it is concluded an isothermal injector configuration is the one allowing for an accurate representation of both mechanical and thermal disintegration processes in supercritical conditions.