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Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2021-12-20"

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  • Em Quem Confiam os Portugueses? A Gestão da Comunicação Governamental na Pandemia Covid-19
    Publication . Gonçalves, Gisela; Piñeiro-Naval, Valeriano; Toniolo, Bianca
    Numa situação de emergência sanitária, o grau de cumprimento público das ordens governamentais das autoridades de saúde pode afetar grandemente o curso da pandemia. Partindo do pressuposto que o (in)cumprimento das recomendações das autoridades está diretamente ligado à confiança nas fontes de informação, neste artigo, discutimos o caso concreto da comunicação governamental de Portugal durante o início da segunda vaga da doença. No contexto de uma investigação internacional da rede European Public Relations Education and Research Association Com-Covid, foi aplicado um inquérito online a 460 cidadãos portugueses entre 7 de outubro e 11 de novembro de 2020. Para este trabalho analisamos uma secção do inquérito com questões relativas às fontes de informação que inspiram maior confiança junto da população portuguesa e à opinião dos portugueses sobre a gestão da comunicação do governo. Os inquéritos foram codificados e inseridos no software estatístico SPSS. O estudo concluiu que sobressai uma perceção positiva sobre a comunicação governamental entre os inquiridos, mas que os portugueses consideram os atores do campo da saúde fontes de informação mais confiáveis do que os media ou as autoridades governamentais. Em relação à questão de género, concluiu-se que as mulheres confiam mais no governo e que têm também melhor opinião sobre a comunicação das autoridades. No que concerne à idade, verificou-se serem os jovens quem mais confia nas autoridades e nos media, ao mesmo tempo que são os mais críticos do desempenho do governo na gestão comunicacional da crise. De maneira geral, os inquiridos demonstraram pouca confiança nas redes sociais digitais e nos influenciadores digitais como fonte de informação sobre a covid-19, sendo que quanto maior é o grau académico menor é a confiança dos inquiridos nos influencers e nas redes sociais digitais.
    2021-12-20Journal article Open access Show more
  • A Micro­Interaction Tool for Online Text Analysis
    Publication . Correia, Rita Pessoa; Silva, Bruno Miguel Correia da; Correia, João
    Mobile devices allow users to remain connected to the World in a ubiquitous way, creating new contexts of media use. Considering the structural changes in the journalistic market, media organizations are trying to lead this digital transition, (re)gaining the attention of the public [WS15]. This digital evolution can bring either many advantages or open the door to rushed journalism, such as the publication of fake news and malicious content, which can have critical effects on both individuals and society as a whole. For this reason, it’s becoming really important to fact­check the sources of information. Misinformation is incorrect or misleading information, which can lead to the distortion of people’s opinions on several matters and unintended consequences. Thus, fact­checking claims with reliable information from credible sources is perhaps the best way to fight the spread of misinformation. By double­checking a claim, you can verify whether or not it’s true. However, it’s important to use verifiable and reputable sources to fact­check that information, otherwise, you risk perpetuating the cycle [Ohi]. In order to help to fight this global issue, we can use the interaction from Internet users with the content producers/journalists, so those users can interact with Web content, validating, commenting, or expressing emotions about it to decrease the percentage of false, malicious or questionable content, as well as simultaneously create a profile of these same users and content producers, through the application of reputation rules. With this strategy, online content producers can get dynamic interaction and feedback from the public about the published content, so they can fact­check it and have a greater degree of truthfulness. This Master’s dissertation presents a Web tool that enables users to perform a fast factchecking, interacting with the media responsible for the news or text. This work, starts by presenting a study on the main tools and techniques that are being used in journalism for fact­check information. Then, it describes in detail the implementation process of the developed tool, that consists on a Web extension to help in this fact­checking domain. Finally, the dissertation presents an assessment and tests that were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the solution.
    2021-12-20Master thesis Open access Show more
  • Evaluation of the potential use of water treatment sludge (WTS) as a waterproofing material for waste containment earthworks
    Publication . Marchiori, Leonardo; Studart, André; Morais, Maria Vitoria; Albuquerque, António; Cavaleiro, Victor
    Industrial wastes’ incorrect disposal can cause groundwater and soils contamination. In this aspect, the water treatment sludge (WTS) appears as a potential residue to be valorized within soils in order to enhance wastes’ stabilization while mitigating its environmental impacts. Therefore, geotechnical and chemical evaluations were conducted for assessing WTS’s potential as a waterproofing agent for earth works, considering their impacts on the properties of the analyzed clayey soil for assessing possible soil’ reinforcement through a further investigation. Found results on the WTS characterization have shown a high percentage of fines, which contributes for the reduction of the soil’s plasticity. In addition, its chemical composition is compatible with pozzolanic characteristics while being possible to associate the analyzed WTS with materials already used in earth works. These results indicate a solid beginning for a complete characterization of the WTS and its stabilization within soils as they indicate possible reinforcement of clayey soils and use for liners application, which have yet to be confirmed by in-depth investigations around resistance and permeability properties.
    2021-12-20Book part Open access Show more
  • O processo de internacionalização de uma empresa brasileira em parceria com uma empresa portuguesa: algumas evidências
    Publication . Flegler, Jose Henrique Carneiro de Mendonça; Ferreira, João José de Matos
    Cada vez mais com o mercado globalizado e a sua aproximação e contato direto através da tecnologia disponibilizada mundialmente, as empresas buscam a internacionalização como forma de estratégia para um melhor direcionamento de seus negócios e, por vezes, como uma alternativa a mercados bastante concorrentes entre si e muitas das vezes já saturados. A internacionalização surge como uma ótima opção para se obter vantagem competitiva e maiores lucros, onde buscam moedas mais valorizadas e as facilidades que podem gerar as proximidades culturais e psíquicas entre países além das fronteiras. As estratégias adotadas para a internacionalização, podem variar de acordo com a empresa em questão, o tipo de atividade exercida, os recursos que a empresa dispõe e país para o qual se pretende internacionalizar. A proximidade cultural e psíquica, são de suma importância como também as relações comerciais entre novos países a serem explorados. Este projeto de investigação tem o objetivo analisar e descrever como foi desenvolvido um processo de internacionalização específico de uma empresa brasileira, do ramo de bebidas espirituosas, para o mercado europeu. O estudo de caso foi a metodologia escolhida, por ser o método de pesquisa qualitativa mais adequado à proposta de investigação, no intuito de perceber como e porque o processo de internacionalização foi realizado. Como resultados deste projeto, constatou-se o alinhamento entre as teorias de internacionalização discutidas com as estratégias e objetivos perseguidos pelas empresas envolvidas, para o planeamento e execução do processo inicial de internacionalização. Verificou-se ainda que as parcerias são importantes para o sucesso de entrada em mercados internacionais.
    2021-12-20Master thesis Open access Show more
  • Is the Latin American and Caribbean capital stock affecting the development of the region?
    Publication . Santiago, Renato Filipe Barros; Fuinhas, José Alberto Serra Ferreira Rodrigues; Marques, António Manuel Cardoso
    According to the conclusions of the reports of several international institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund, the Latin American and Caribbean region has suffered from a lack of investment in physical capital in recent decades. This is especially true if one looks at both the levels and the state of their infrastructures. As might be expected, this is not a desirable situation, mainly because, according to the same reports, it can give rise to several harmful effects on the economies of this region. That said, it is natural that there is less and less doubt about the fact that in order to promote the development of the Latin American and Caribbean region, it will, in the near future, have to be able to increase its levels of physical capital. Considering the facts stated above, several essays were prepared in this thesis in order to (1) assess the impacts of physical capital on the development of the region; and (2) help the regional policy makers in the development of their future investment strategies. It was taken advantage of the data on public and private capital that was recently made available by the International Monetary Fund to achieve these objectives. Initially, the idea was only to use the data on the public capital stock since it is the one that is linked to the government's provision of economic and social infrastructure. However, as the private capital stock data was also available, it was also included in the analysis. Why stocks? Because in this way, instead of just accounting for the annual flows of public and private investment (only capital increases), it accounts for the volume of existing capital, as well as for the effects of depreciation. The first essay was based on the historical analysis of the evolution of both types of capital in the Latin American and Caribbean region from 1970 to 2017, in order to be able to verify if there was, in fact, a lack of investment in physical capital in this region. Using the data from the International Monetary Fund, the progress of investment and stocks in this region during the previously stated period was graphically analysed, accompanying this analysis with, pass the redundancy, the analysis of the economic conjuncture of the region and with comparisons with the evolution of the physical capital in similar regions. The results of this analysis seem to confirm the hypothesis that this region suffers from a lack of investment in physical capital, with the Latin American and the Caribbean being characterised by a relatively low level of public investment (especially when compared to similar regions), by a very volatile private investment and by a very slow evolution (in some periods almost constant) of its public and private capital stocks as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP). After this more descriptive analysis, the three essays that followed were based on empirical analysis applied to Latin American and Caribbean countries panels, in order to study the effects from both capital stocks on the region's economic growth, on the region's income inequality levels and on the region's energy intensity, respectively. In this way, it was possible to evaluate the contributions that public and private capital stocks had in various development fields, namely in the economic, socioeconomic and sustainable fields. Regarding the methodologies that were used, in the second essay of this thesis, where the relationship between the capital stocks and economic growth was investigated, the panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) methodology was used to study the short-run impacts and Granger's causalities, whereas the panel dynamic ordinary least squares (PDOLS) and panel fully modified ordinary least squares (PFMOLS) estimators were used to study the long-run impacts. In the third essay, where the impacts of both capital stocks on income inequality were analysed, the panel autoregressive distributed lag (PARDL) model and the Driscoll-Kraay (DK) estimator with fixed effects were used to study the short- and long-run impacts of the variables. Finally, in the fourth essay, where the role of public capital stock and private capital stock in the region's energy intensity was studied, the panel autoregressive distributed lag (PARDL) model and the Driscoll-Kraay (DK) estimator with fixed effects were again used to study the short- and long-run impacts of the variables. In addition, the log t regression test method and the club clustering algorithm were also used in order to investigate the various convergence clubs in terms of energy intensity, whereas the ordered-logit model was used to verify whether capital stocks were important determinants for the club's formation. The results from the essays seem to indicate that: 1) both public and private capital had a positive effect on the long-run economic growth of the Latin American and the Caribbean countries; 2) in the short-run, public capital seems to have had negative effects on both growth and private capital (crowd-out effect); 3) the capital stock (public, private and total) seems to have contributed to the increase in income inequality in the short-run; 4) in the long-run, this effect seems to disappear (which still does not demonstrate a contribution of physical capital to the reduction of income inequality); 5) both types of capital (public and private) appear to have had an enhancing effect on the long-run energy intensity of the Latin America and the Caribbean countries; 6) the public and private capital stocks did not prove to be determinant factors for the formation of the clubs. Through these results, it can be concluded that there is, in fact, a lack of investment in physical capital in Latin America and the Caribbean and that, therefore, in order to promote the development of the region, regional governments should increase their investment levels (through better financing methods) and create conditions to attract private investment, at the same time as they develop strategies that allow to public and private capital to act as complements. They should also improve the quality of their investment projects, as well as their selection criteria, channelling a significant part of the new investments to the poorest/underdeveloped areas, creating incentives for private investment also to reach these areas. Finally, they must ensure that the new physical capital is more energy-efficient and should create measures to encourage the private sector to follow this same trend.
    2021-12-20Doctoral thesis Open access Show more