ICI - GeoBioTec@UBI | Documentos por Auto-Depósito
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A unidade de investigação (UI) GeoBiociências, Geotecnologias e Geoengenharias (GeoBioTec) foi criada em 2007 na Universidade de Aveiro e tem dois polos, um na Universidade da Beira Interior (GeoBioTec@UBI), outro na Universidade Nova de Lisboa (GeoBioTec-NOVA). A investigação é diversificada, envolvendo estudos interdisciplinares sobre recursos geológicos, recursos hídricos e gestão sustentável da água, geotecnia e mecânica dos solos e rochas, geologia estrutural, geomateriais, bacias sedimentares, tecnologias agroindustriais, sistemas ambientais complexos, mobilidade e transportes sustentáveis, deteção remota e sustentabilidade de cidades, comunidades e territórios. A UI está classificada como “Muito Bom” pela FCT e tem como missão conhecer e explorar os processos geológicos, biológicos, físicos e químicos que moldam o ambiente da Terra visando o desenvolvimento sustentável de cidades, comunidades e territórios.
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Recent Submissions
- Contributos para o estudo da construção de falsa cúpula em Portugal: A malhada de porcos no contexto agro-pastoril da Beira BaixaPublication . Salvado, JoãoEsta comunicação é motivada pelo desconhecimento em torno duma estrutura não habitacional destinada ao abrigo de porcos na sub-região da Beira Baixa, cuja existência é escassamente documentada pelas mais importantes publicações dedicadas ao assunto. Tendo como objetivo o seu reconhecimento no âmbito das Histórias da Arquitetura e da Construção portuguesas, a investigação traça o perfil da malhada de porcos beirã considerando o meio concreto em que progride, função, morfologia e materiais recorrentes, e tipos de cobertura. Como tal, definiram-se três estruturas num universo de meia centena de malhadas conhecidas na região, desde Castelo Branco até Penha Garcia, que foram posteriormente analisadas ‘in loco’ mediante levantamentos geométricos, fotográficos e descritivos. Como ponto de chegada, as construções erguem-se em alvenaria de granito, xisto ou mista, orientadas para o meridiano sobre jazigos minerais. São conformadas por séries de furdas organizadas numa planta em «U», rebolim, dobradeira e casa do porqueiro, apresentando na amostra observada dimensões entre 15 e 39 m de comprimento. Assinala-se nas malhadas uma morfologia preeminente em toda a região, e os telhados são de duas águas ou em falsa cúpula. Conservam-se maioritariamente isoladas na paisagem, em meio ao montado de sobro, exibindo muitas ruína iminente ou consumidas por vegetação cerrada.
- CH-Resilience Project (Cultural Heritage: Resilience of Built Heritage and Built Environment): Internationalization and Research Network within the “Universitas Montium” (UNITA) AlliancePublication . Martins, Ana M. T.; Nepomuceno, Miguel C. S.; Simão, Inês Cunha; Juan García, Natalia; Campelo-Gaínza, Carlos; Pedro Lorente, Jesús; Salvado, João Pedro Ferreira; Rodrigues, Tiago; Cabeleira, João; Amoreira, SofiaThis paper presents the research work within the international Consortium Alliance "Universitas Montium" (UNITA) according one of many UNITA’s Research Projects: the Portuguese Project CH-RESILIENCE “Cultural Heritage: Resilience of Built Heritage and Built Environment” at the University of Beira Interior (UBI) within Universitas Montium Aliance which is included in UNITA's Research & lnnovation Cartography WP4, concerning Cultural Heritage. and soon to be included in the consortium RE-UNITA (UNITA 2.0). Within this research line two international PhD cotutelle were achieved, but also two other PhD thesis are being prepared within CH-RESILIENCE. The Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DECA), of the University of Beira Interior (UBI), has developed, a concern regarding Built Heritage, ln fact, over the last two decades there has been a cross-interdisciplinary interest, which has allowed a transdisciplinary research, based on the Architectural Heritage, Built Heritage, thus Cultural Heritage. Dissertation themes have focused on traditional aspects of Portuguese Architecture and Traditional Building Technologies, but also doctoral Thesis and Research Projects with competitively-based contests with funding (as The ORFEUS project which was one of the highlights of this line of research). In fact, Building Culture encompasses existing buildings, monuments, and other elements of Cultural Heritage, as well as the design and construction of contemporary buildings, infrastructures, public spaces, and landscapes. The actual technical requirements are not always compatible with older buildings. Regular maintenance of these buildings may include preservation, rehabilitation, restoration, reconstruction, refurbishment, adaptation, and interpretation of existing buildings and their environment. ln fact, this research lays on the Resilience of Built and Cultural Heritage. UNITA’s Research and innovation is centred in the needs of rural and mountain territories regarding, not only Cultural Heritage, but also Renewable Energy and Circular Economy. This paper presents four case study of international research based on the UNITA’s Alliance and interconnected with CH Resilience Project: “The Art of Place”, Cotutelle (UBI -Portugal / UNIZAR-SPAIN); “The involvement of local museums with their territorial and historical environment”, Cotutelle (UNIZAR-SPAIN / UBI -Portugal); Corbelled Dome Constructions: architectural elements of a vernacular Identity in Beira Baixa (Portugal); Resilience and Sustainability: Monastic Spaces of Cistercian origins in contemporary times. Besides these four cases it is highlighted, a fifth which is the first project, within the CH Resilience research group, in collaboration with other institutions with affinity to the theme and in the borderline of UNITA Alliance. This is the ongoing PhD thesis “Theory, Design and Construction of the Bulwark Defensive System in the Minho River Valley. From the Reign of King Philip III to the End of the Seven Years' War, 1621-1763”. Consequently, this paper will bring to discussion these specific case studies and its relationship with UNITA's Alliance. This is, through Cultural heritage it will be brought to debate methods, objectives, experiences, outputs, and discussions which allow the formation of wider networks for research and resources exchange.
- Iberian challenges on cultural built heritage academic researchPublication . Simão, Inês Cunha; Martins-Nepomuceno, Ana M.T.; Nepomuceno, Miguel; Salvado, João Pedro Ferreira; Juan García, Natalia; Campelo-Gaínza, Carlos; Lorente, Jesús Pedro; Amoreira, SofiaThis paper explores some of the challenges involved in conducting academic research in the field of built heritage. These include visiting sites, documenting them, surveying them, and talking to the people responsible for their conservation, management and, in the case of 20th century, authorship. We will discuss and argue that academic research into the built heritage is often interdisciplinary in nature and requires different skills and techniques to those used in other areas of research. The focus will be on the similarities between research fields such as art history and architecture. The aim is to highlight the unique aspects of research in the built heritage field and the tools that researchers consider essential to their work, as well as the real challenges that young researchers face. This will be demonstrated through five examples of research carried out in Portugal and Spain, covering different aspects of monastic architecture, art and culture, traditional building techniques, the role of local museums in conserving heritage, and 20th century architecture. Each project will describe how they were undertaken, what their objectives were, and what challenges they encountered, including how these were overcome or presented as opportunities for further research. Through the presentation of ongoing research on Portuguese Cistercian monasteries, art, architecture and monastic culture in Spain, the work of the 20th century Portuguese architect Manuel Taínha, the resilient corbelled domes considered a true example of the dry-stone technique and now classified as intangible heritage, and the involvement of Portuguese and Spanish local mountain museums in their territorial and historical contexts, this paper shows how these five projects have faced multiple and equal setbacks. While significant progress has been made in establishing a comprehensive information network through continued investment in the digital preservation of the built heritage, we conclude that additional investment in the development of multidisciplinary teams and cross-referencing between different research fields and geographical areas still needs to be made.
- Pavement Inspection in Transport Infrastructures Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)Publication . Feitosa, Ianca; Santos, Bertha; Almeida, Pedro Gabriel deThe growing demand for the transportation of goods and people has led to an increasing reliance on transportation infrastructure, which, in turn, subjects the pavements to high traffic volumes. In order to maintain adequate service and safety standards for users, it is essential to establish effective maintenance strategies that ensure the preservation of pavement conditions. As a result, emerging innovations in pavement surface inspection methods, surpassing traditional techniques in terms of inspection and data processing speed and accuracy, have garnered significant attention. One such groundbreaking innovation in inspection systems that has been tested and used in recent years to assess infrastructure condition is the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This study aims to present a critical open-access literature review on the use of UAVs in the inspection of transportation infrastructure pavement in order to assess the type of equipment used, the technology involved, applicability conditions, data processing, and future evolution. The analysis of relevant literature suggests that the integration of intelligent technologies substantially enhances the accuracy of data collection and the detection of pavement distress. Furthermore, it is evident that most applications and research efforts are oriented towards exploring image processing techniques for the creation of 3D pavement models and distress detection and classification.
- GIS-based approach for optimizing biowaste collection services in rural small sized municipalitiesPublication . Santos, Bertha; Mendes, CláudiaDirective (EU) 2018/851 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishes the obligation for Member States to ensure, by 31 December 2023, that biowaste is separated and recycled at source or collected selectively. As this is a responsibility of the municipalities, studies to evaluate the best solutions and to ensure the rationality of the investments to be made to fulfill these objectives is of particular importance. Bearing in mind the new municipality’s responsibility, this article aims to demonstrate the applicability of GIS in supporting planning and decision of a new service provided to the population. The solutions found must be economically sustainable and feasible for small size municipalities, especially for those with no formal biowaste management system implemented and with reduced resources. It is therefore proposed an approach to analyze vehicle route optimization for the selective collection and transportation of biowaste in markedly rural municipalities with a strong forestry component, equating solutions that allow their recovery, as well as the promotion of the management of forest spaces. The Network Analyst extension of the ArcGIS® software was used to answer questions related to travel time route optimization, optimal location selection and definition of service areas. The analysis performed allowed to identify and evaluate the main factors that minimize the costs associated with the undifferentiated and selective collection and transportation of biowaste in the study area (Oleiros-Amieira parish, Portugal). It was determined the need to distribute the service through 3 different routes, as well as optimizing the location of a biomass plant fed by forest remnants deposited in community containers spread across the study area. Developing simpler and cost-effective instruments for reducing waste transport costs for small forest owners and municipalities, such as the proposed one, is essential to ensure a successful implementation of Directive (EU) 2018/851.
- Valorização de cinzas de biomassa vegetal para aplicações geotécnicasPublication . Marchiori, Leonardo; Studart, André; Morais, Maria Vitoria; Albuquerque, Antonio; Andrade Pais, Luís; Boscov, Maria Eugenia Gimenez; Cavaleiro, VictorAs cinzas de biomassa vegetal (CBV) têm sido intensamente estudadas para incorporação em solos em obras de terra. Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar química e geotecnicamente cinzas de pinheiros e oliveiras em comparação com um solo de Castelo Branco (Portugal), com a finalidade de aplicações geotécnica. Avaliações físicas, mineralógicas e químicas são necessárias para investigar a origem dos materiais, nomeadamente para determinar se as CBV têm contaminantes, como metais pesados, em sua composição e suas características físicoquímicas. Considerando que há elevadas quantidades de CBV produzidas pelo mundo e um consequente excesso de deposição em aterros sanitários ou queima, a investigação por novas soluções para a sua reutilização é cada vez mais necessária tendo em atenção quesitos atuais de desenvolvimento sustentável, redução do impacto ambiental e economia circula. A engenharia civil, nomeadamente nas áreas da construção, vias, saneamento e geotecnia, oferece várias oportunidades para investigação da aplicação destes resíduos. Neste âmbito, o reforço de solos e a aplicação de liners se destacam, pois podem beneficiar das caraterísticas físico-químicas e mecânicas das CBV para melhorarem parâmetros como a resistência mecânica e permeabilidade. Foram realizados ensaios de caracterização para as CBV e para um solo fraco, nomeadamente distribuição granulometrica, densidade específica dos grãos, limites de Atterberg, composição química por fluorescência de raio-x e mineralogia por difração de raio-x. Este trabalho faz parte de uma investigação mais ampla para desenvolver um material alternativo que possa ser utilizado em obras de terra de revestimento e reforço de solos. Os resultados demonstram que a introdução das CBV em solos pode contribuir para reduzir o peso específico e a plasticidade e melhorar as propriedades mecânicas do material, consequência também do enriquecimento de minerais pozolânicos devido à sua composição química. Desta forma, as CBV deram boas indicações para serem introduzidas em solos em diferentes percentuais, para melhorar as suas propriedades ou para a produção de liners, sendo necessário realizar futuros testes acerca do desempenho mecânico e ensaios de compressibilidade edométrica e compressão triaxial, condutividade hidráulica e potencial de lixiviação de poluentes, de modo a avaliar a sua sustentabilidade e durabilidade e afastar eventuais impactos no ambiente e saúde pública.
- Cracking and desiccation of water treatment sludge for incorporation into soils for alternative liner material productionPublication . Marchiori, Leonardo; Morais, Maria Vitoria; Albuquerque, Antonio; Ferreira-Gomes, L.M.; Cavaleiro, VictorCracks may lead to hydraulic failure in soils due to increase of hydraulic conductivity which facilitate water infiltration, impacting negatively for liner materials. Therefore, cracking and desiccation investigation on liner material is advised. Water treatment sludge (WTS) is a by-product resulting from water treatment plants, and it seems to be suitable for geotechnical applications and soil replacement due to hydraulic latent properties, chemical similarities to soils, and mechanical behaviour. In this work WTS samples were incorporated into soil in different ratios – 05%; 10%; 15% and 20% of waste in dried mass of the geocomposites. The four mixtures, a soil sample and a WTS were tested according to the following procedure: two different circular Petri dishes samples were used, 5mm(H5) and 10mm(H10), and two cylindrical compacted samples with 65-70mm of diameter and 20-140mm of height (EDO-TRI, respectively) - dried for 10 days in controlled temperature and humidity. Water release curves (WRC), digital images correlation supported Crack Intensity Factor (CIF) index results were obtained for each material. Cracking behaviour results were compared with the permeability through falling head laboratorial tests, and studies around WTS ratio. Composites with 10% and 15% had the best results, showing no cracks during Petri dishes procedures for H10, in addition, the permeability for these materials reached the maximum for liner production – 10-9 m/s according to European and American directives - making possible the development of an alternative and feasible liner material.
- Geotechnical Characterization Methodology of Water Treatment Sludge for Production of Liner MaterialPublication . Marchiori, Leonardo; Morais, Maria Vitoria; Albuquerque, Antonio; Cavaleiro, VictorClayey soils and geosynthetic materials are used as low hydraulic conductivity layers and environmental protection barriers in civil engineering works for storing wastes as covering and bottom impermeabilization layer structures, known as liners. Future shortage of clay materials and geosynthetic’s high costs are usual problems, aligned with the need of prevention of environmental impacts associated to wastes by industry infiltrating into groundwater, sustainable solutions are needed. The reuse of industrial waste materials follows directives of the circular economy when this application is expected to reduce construction costs, help preserve natural resources, reduce the use of synthetic materials, reuse industrial waste materials, and contribute to sustainability. Water treatment sludges (WTS) are generated by water treatment plants mainly from periodic washing of the sedimentation tanks and filters and seems to be suitable for a geomaterial replacement. To make it feasible, the most significant factors that need more investigations are index properties, physical and mechanical behavior, chemical compaction and resistance, hydraulic conductivity, and leaching potential. A methodology for different ratios of WTS, soil, and with or without additive needing, along with a laboratorial analysis of water treatment sludge sample were proposed to ensure the expected results and parameters for liner alternative material.
- Water Treatment Sludge as Geotechnical Liner Material: State-of-ArtPublication . Marchiori, Leonardo; Albuquerque, Antonio; Cavaleiro, VictorThe periodical cleaning of the decanters at the plant generates solid wastes called water treatment sludges (WTS), a chemical compound similar to aluminum silicates. WTS’s properties have been studied for geotechnical purpose and it seems to be suitable for producing liner materials for landfills, dams, ponds, and lagoons which store and prevent soil’s infiltration of residues. Liners are usually shaped of soil and geosynthetics, their main properties required are compaction, compressibility and shear strength, chemical compatibility, and hydraulic conductivity. WTS to be considered as a soil substitute, it must be function like a soil, thus, for developing alternative materials, physical, chemical, mechanical, and hydraulic characterization laboratorial parameters are the first step to make viable its reuse. In this sense, the study aims to review the literature over the above-mentioned parameters in order to evaluate WTS as liner material. This review concluded that WTS have high heterogeneity in chemical and mechanical behavior due source of water and treatment processes. WTS’ water affinity affects plasticity behavior, and its incorporation into soils seems to contribute for a composite with pozzolanic characteristics, low specific gravity, finer granulometry, and mechanical stabilization. Although need attention on its chemical compatibility, the influence on shear resistance—increasing internal effective friction angle and decreasing cohesion—and the optimum ratio of introduction within soils for an alternative liner material. Nonetheless, there are lacks in literature over hydraulic conductivity, and long-term behavior, the use of the material in practice must be preceded by pilot tests or experimental landfills.
- Analysis of the chemical properties of almond and walnut shells for use in earthworksPublication . Nouioua, Thamer; Marchiori, Leonardo; Albuquerque, Antonio; Silva, Flora Cristina Meireles; Pais, Luís Andrade; Cavaleiro, VictorAlmond (AS) and walnut shells (WS) have attracted the interest of scientific community due to the possibility of developing innovative eco-friendly materials. This work aims to analyze the chemical characteristics of AS, WS, a residual granitic soil (RGS) and two mix-tures of waste:soil (10:90% and 40:60%) for evaluating their compatibility for earthworks application. Results show that both wastes could be incorporated into RGS for improving its properties and additionally can remove some water pollutants due to the presence of K2O, CaO and SiO2. This application could reduce the need to use soil natural resources, incineration of both wastes or their deposition in sanitary landfills and can promote their valorization and even create value-added products in the scope of the circular economy. However, additional studies are needed for a better understanding of their potential for using in earthworks, namely leaching, solubilization and adsorption experiments.
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