ICI - GeoBioTec@UBI | Documentos por Auto-Depósito
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A unidade de investigação (UI) GeoBiociências, Geotecnologias e Geoengenharias (GeoBioTec) foi criada em 2007 na Universidade de Aveiro e tem dois polos, um na Universidade da Beira Interior (GeoBioTec@UBI), outro na Universidade Nova de Lisboa (GeoBioTec-NOVA). A investigação é diversificada, envolvendo estudos interdisciplinares sobre recursos geológicos, recursos hídricos e gestão sustentável da água, geotecnia e mecânica dos solos e rochas, geologia estrutural, geomateriais, bacias sedimentares, tecnologias agroindustriais, sistemas ambientais complexos, mobilidade e transportes sustentáveis, deteção remota e sustentabilidade de cidades, comunidades e territórios. A UI está classificada como “Muito Bom” pela FCT e tem como missão conhecer e explorar os processos geológicos, biológicos, físicos e químicos que moldam o ambiente da Terra visando o desenvolvimento sustentável de cidades, comunidades e territórios.
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- Analysis of the chemical properties of almond and walnut shells for use in earthworksPublication . Nouioua, Thamer; Marchiori, Leonardo; Albuquerque, Antonio; Silva, Flora Cristina Meireles; Pais, Luís Andrade; Cavaleiro, VictorAlmond (AS) and walnut shells (WS) have attracted the interest of scientific community due to the possibility of developing innovative eco-friendly materials. This work aims to analyze the chemical characteristics of AS, WS, a residual granitic soil (RGS) and two mix-tures of waste:soil (10:90% and 40:60%) for evaluating their compatibility for earthworks application. Results show that both wastes could be incorporated into RGS for improving its properties and additionally can remove some water pollutants due to the presence of K2O, CaO and SiO2. This application could reduce the need to use soil natural resources, incineration of both wastes or their deposition in sanitary landfills and can promote their valorization and even create value-added products in the scope of the circular economy. However, additional studies are needed for a better understanding of their potential for using in earthworks, namely leaching, solubilization and adsorption experiments.
- Caracterização físico-química de cascas de amêndoas e nozes para valorização em obras de terraPublication . Marchiori, Leonardo; Nouioua, Thamer; Morais, Maria Vitoria; Silva, Flora Cristina Meireles; Albuquerque, Antonio; Andrade Pais, Luís; Cavaleiro, VictorOs resíduos agroindustriais têm sido investigados para aplicações de engenharia devido à sua elevada produção e ausência de valorização adequada face aos requisitos legais e de políticas e metas de sustentabilidade. O estudo das caraterísticas das cascas de amêndoas (CA) e nozes (CN) têm suscitado interesse na comunidade científica para desenvolver materiais alternativos e inovadores, com design sustentável, em várias aplicações. Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar e analisar as propriedades físico-químicas de CA, CN e de um solo residual, bem como de duas misturas de cada resíduo com o solo, com 10% e 40% de cascas, para eventual aplicação em obras de terra. Os resultados mostraram que ambos os resíduos poderiam ser incorporados no solo para torná-los mais granulares e reduzir a densidade específica, além de terem potencial para remover alguns poluentes da água devido à presença de aluminosilicatos com K2O, CaO e SiO2. Esta aplicabilidade poderia reduzir a utilização de solos naturais em obras de terra, a incineração de ambas as cascas e sua deposição em aterros sanitários, podendo promover a sua valorização e criar produtos baseados em resíduos no âmbito da economia circular. No entanto, são necessários estudos adicionais para uma melhor compreensão do seu potencial para utilização em obras de terra, nomeadamente ensaios de lixiviação, degradação e adsorção.
- CH-Resilience Project (Cultural Heritage: Resilience of Built Heritage and Built Environment): Internationalization and Research Network within the “Universitas Montium” (UNITA) AlliancePublication . Martins, Ana M. T.; Nepomuceno, Miguel C. S.; Simão, Inês Cunha; Juan García, Natalia; Campelo-Gaínza, Carlos; Pedro Lorente, Jesús; Salvado, João Pedro Ferreira; Rodrigues, Tiago; Cabeleira, João; Amoreira, SofiaThis paper presents the research work within the international Consortium Alliance "Universitas Montium" (UNITA) according one of many UNITA’s Research Projects: the Portuguese Project CH-RESILIENCE “Cultural Heritage: Resilience of Built Heritage and Built Environment” at the University of Beira Interior (UBI) within Universitas Montium Aliance which is included in UNITA's Research & lnnovation Cartography WP4, concerning Cultural Heritage. and soon to be included in the consortium RE-UNITA (UNITA 2.0). Within this research line two international PhD cotutelle were achieved, but also two other PhD thesis are being prepared within CH-RESILIENCE. The Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DECA), of the University of Beira Interior (UBI), has developed, a concern regarding Built Heritage, ln fact, over the last two decades there has been a cross-interdisciplinary interest, which has allowed a transdisciplinary research, based on the Architectural Heritage, Built Heritage, thus Cultural Heritage. Dissertation themes have focused on traditional aspects of Portuguese Architecture and Traditional Building Technologies, but also doctoral Thesis and Research Projects with competitively-based contests with funding (as The ORFEUS project which was one of the highlights of this line of research). In fact, Building Culture encompasses existing buildings, monuments, and other elements of Cultural Heritage, as well as the design and construction of contemporary buildings, infrastructures, public spaces, and landscapes. The actual technical requirements are not always compatible with older buildings. Regular maintenance of these buildings may include preservation, rehabilitation, restoration, reconstruction, refurbishment, adaptation, and interpretation of existing buildings and their environment. ln fact, this research lays on the Resilience of Built and Cultural Heritage. UNITA’s Research and innovation is centred in the needs of rural and mountain territories regarding, not only Cultural Heritage, but also Renewable Energy and Circular Economy. This paper presents four case study of international research based on the UNITA’s Alliance and interconnected with CH Resilience Project: “The Art of Place”, Cotutelle (UBI -Portugal / UNIZAR-SPAIN); “The involvement of local museums with their territorial and historical environment”, Cotutelle (UNIZAR-SPAIN / UBI -Portugal); Corbelled Dome Constructions: architectural elements of a vernacular Identity in Beira Baixa (Portugal); Resilience and Sustainability: Monastic Spaces of Cistercian origins in contemporary times. Besides these four cases it is highlighted, a fifth which is the first project, within the CH Resilience research group, in collaboration with other institutions with affinity to the theme and in the borderline of UNITA Alliance. This is the ongoing PhD thesis “Theory, Design and Construction of the Bulwark Defensive System in the Minho River Valley. From the Reign of King Philip III to the End of the Seven Years' War, 1621-1763”. Consequently, this paper will bring to discussion these specific case studies and its relationship with UNITA's Alliance. This is, through Cultural heritage it will be brought to debate methods, objectives, experiences, outputs, and discussions which allow the formation of wider networks for research and resources exchange.
- Contributos para o estudo da construção de falsa cúpula em Portugal: A malhada de porcos no contexto agro-pastoril da Beira BaixaPublication . Salvado, JoãoEsta comunicação é motivada pelo desconhecimento em torno duma estrutura não habitacional destinada ao abrigo de porcos na sub-região da Beira Baixa, cuja existência é escassamente documentada pelas mais importantes publicações dedicadas ao assunto. Tendo como objetivo o seu reconhecimento no âmbito das Histórias da Arquitetura e da Construção portuguesas, a investigação traça o perfil da malhada de porcos beirã considerando o meio concreto em que progride, função, morfologia e materiais recorrentes, e tipos de cobertura. Como tal, definiram-se três estruturas num universo de meia centena de malhadas conhecidas na região, desde Castelo Branco até Penha Garcia, que foram posteriormente analisadas ‘in loco’ mediante levantamentos geométricos, fotográficos e descritivos. Como ponto de chegada, as construções erguem-se em alvenaria de granito, xisto ou mista, orientadas para o meridiano sobre jazigos minerais. São conformadas por séries de furdas organizadas numa planta em «U», rebolim, dobradeira e casa do porqueiro, apresentando na amostra observada dimensões entre 15 e 39 m de comprimento. Assinala-se nas malhadas uma morfologia preeminente em toda a região, e os telhados são de duas águas ou em falsa cúpula. Conservam-se maioritariamente isoladas na paisagem, em meio ao montado de sobro, exibindo muitas ruína iminente ou consumidas por vegetação cerrada.
- Cracking and desiccation of water treatment sludge for incorporation into soils for alternative liner material productionPublication . Marchiori, Leonardo; Morais, Maria Vitoria; Albuquerque, Antonio; Ferreira-Gomes, L.M.; Cavaleiro, VictorCracks may lead to hydraulic failure in soils due to increase of hydraulic conductivity which facilitate water infiltration, impacting negatively for liner materials. Therefore, cracking and desiccation investigation on liner material is advised. Water treatment sludge (WTS) is a by-product resulting from water treatment plants, and it seems to be suitable for geotechnical applications and soil replacement due to hydraulic latent properties, chemical similarities to soils, and mechanical behaviour. In this work WTS samples were incorporated into soil in different ratios – 05%; 10%; 15% and 20% of waste in dried mass of the geocomposites. The four mixtures, a soil sample and a WTS were tested according to the following procedure: two different circular Petri dishes samples were used, 5mm(H5) and 10mm(H10), and two cylindrical compacted samples with 65-70mm of diameter and 20-140mm of height (EDO-TRI, respectively) - dried for 10 days in controlled temperature and humidity. Water release curves (WRC), digital images correlation supported Crack Intensity Factor (CIF) index results were obtained for each material. Cracking behaviour results were compared with the permeability through falling head laboratorial tests, and studies around WTS ratio. Composites with 10% and 15% had the best results, showing no cracks during Petri dishes procedures for H10, in addition, the permeability for these materials reached the maximum for liner production – 10-9 m/s according to European and American directives - making possible the development of an alternative and feasible liner material.
- Critical review of industrial solid wastes as barrier material for impermeabilization of storage waste facilitiesPublication . Marchiori, Leonardo; Albuquerque, AntonioNatural materials (e.g. clays) and synthetic materials (e.g. geosynthetics) are commonly applied as low hydraulic conductivity layers and environmental protection barriers in civil engineering works for storing solid wastes and wastewaters (e.g. solid waste landfilling, wastewater lagoons and mining waste ponds) for both covering and bottom impermeabilization of soils structures. However, due to a future shortage of clay materials and their high transport costs, in addition to geosynthetics generating more waste and presenting high costs, two needs emerge: reducing the amount of waste generated and developing strategies for preventing this waste from infiltrating the soil and ground water. One of the possible solutions consists in the use of some geotechnically applicable residues to prevent soil infiltration. Thus, the use of waste materials is particularly advantageous since it can considerably reduce construction costs, help preserve natural resources, and contribute to sustainability by turning “waste” materials into “valuable resource”. Many by-products of industry and waste (fly and bottom coal ash, blast furnace slag, foundry sands, water treatment plant sludge, agroindustry ashes, incinerated biomass ash, red mud, drilling mud and mine waste, among others) have been extensively studied as to their suitability as a geomaterial and showed promising results for use in waterproofing barriers (liners). The most significant factors that depend on hydraulic conductivity are index properties, compaction characteristics and compressive strength, so, in this aspect, hydraulic, mechanical, physical-chemical and mineralogical properties determine the valorisation, or not, of the waste as liner material. Industrial wastes and geocomposites acting as hydraulic barriers material literature were reviewed and analysed its actual applications such as lack of researches suggesting future investigations.
- Energy Harvesting Opportunities in Geoenvironmental EngineeringPublication . Marchiori, Leonardo; Morais, Maria Vitoria; Studart, André; Albuquerque, Antonio; Andrade Pais, Luís; Ferreira Gomes, L.M.; Cavaleiro, VictorGeoenvironmental engineering involves defining solutions for complex problems, such as containment systems management, contaminant transport control, wastewater management, remediation of contaminated sites and valorization of geomaterials and wastes. In the last years, energy harvesting (EH)—or energy scavenging—methods and technologies have been developed to reduce the dependence on traditional energy sources, namely fossil fuels, and nuclear power, also responding to the increase in energy demands for human activities and to fulfill sustainable development goals. EH in geoenvironmental works and the surrounding soil and water environment includes a set of processes for capturing and accumulating energy from several sources considered wasted or unusable associated with soil dynamics; the stress and strain of geomaterials, hydraulic, vibrations, biochemical, light, heating and wind sources can be potential EH systems. Therefore, this work presents a review of the literature and critical analysis on the main opportunities for EH capturing, accumulating and use in geoenvironmental works, among basic electric concepts and mechanisms, analyzing these works in complex conditions involving biological-, chemical-, mechanical-, hydraulic- and thermal-coupled actions, concluding with the main investigation and challenges within geoenvironmental aspects for EH purposes.
- Environmental-chemical compatibility of granitic-mining waste for liner materialPublication . Marchiori, Leonardo; Studart, André; Morais, Maria Vitoria; Albuquerque, Antonio; Andrade Pais, Luís; Cavaleiro, VictorMining waste is generated from extracting mineral resources and, without proper disposal, can lead to negative environmental impacts because it can contain pollutants. Emerging studies of alternatives valorizing and reusing the residue through sustainable practices. Therefore, this research investigated the potential of granitic mining waste for waterproof liner materials, considering that most used liners, clays and geosynthetics, are increasingly scarce and costly solutions, respectively. This paper aims to analyze chemical compatibility, and microscopic structure of a granitic-mining mud to produce alternative material for liner construction. It was mixed in a clay at 25% and 50% ratio to develop a waste-based geocomposites. European limits for pollutants were respected for all mixtures, and the permeability remained less than 10-9m/s, which appears to be feasible for liners production. Thus, the valorization of mining waste as liner material arises as solution for creating new waste-based added-value product in the scope of circular economy.
- Evaluation of the potential use of water treatment sludge (WTS) as a waterproofing material for waste containment earthworksPublication . Marchiori, Leonardo; Studart, André; Morais, Maria Vitoria; Albuquerque, António; Cavaleiro, VictorIndustrial wastes’ incorrect disposal can cause groundwater and soils contamination. In this aspect, the water treatment sludge (WTS) appears as a potential residue to be valorized within soils in order to enhance wastes’ stabilization while mitigating its environmental impacts. Therefore, geotechnical and chemical evaluations were conducted for assessing WTS’s potential as a waterproofing agent for earth works, considering their impacts on the properties of the analyzed clayey soil for assessing possible soil’ reinforcement through a further investigation. Found results on the WTS characterization have shown a high percentage of fines, which contributes for the reduction of the soil’s plasticity. In addition, its chemical composition is compatible with pozzolanic characteristics while being possible to associate the analyzed WTS with materials already used in earth works. These results indicate a solid beginning for a complete characterization of the WTS and its stabilization within soils as they indicate possible reinforcement of clayey soils and use for liners application, which have yet to be confirmed by in-depth investigations around resistance and permeability properties.
- Geotechnical Characterization Methodology of Water Treatment Sludge for Production of Liner MaterialPublication . Marchiori, Leonardo; Morais, Maria Vitoria; Albuquerque, Antonio; Cavaleiro, VictorClayey soils and geosynthetic materials are used as low hydraulic conductivity layers and environmental protection barriers in civil engineering works for storing wastes as covering and bottom impermeabilization layer structures, known as liners. Future shortage of clay materials and geosynthetic’s high costs are usual problems, aligned with the need of prevention of environmental impacts associated to wastes by industry infiltrating into groundwater, sustainable solutions are needed. The reuse of industrial waste materials follows directives of the circular economy when this application is expected to reduce construction costs, help preserve natural resources, reduce the use of synthetic materials, reuse industrial waste materials, and contribute to sustainability. Water treatment sludges (WTS) are generated by water treatment plants mainly from periodic washing of the sedimentation tanks and filters and seems to be suitable for a geomaterial replacement. To make it feasible, the most significant factors that need more investigations are index properties, physical and mechanical behavior, chemical compaction and resistance, hydraulic conductivity, and leaching potential. A methodology for different ratios of WTS, soil, and with or without additive needing, along with a laboratorial analysis of water treatment sludge sample were proposed to ensure the expected results and parameters for liner alternative material.
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