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- Entrepreneurship Education and Training as Facilitators of Regional Development: A Systematic Literature ReviewPublication . Galvão, Anderson Rei; Ferreira, João José de Matos; Marques, CarlaPurpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide insights of a systematic literature review (SLR) of the entrepreneurship education and training as facilitators of regional development. Current and future trends in the field are identified. Design/methodology/approach – The paper offers an SLR on the entrepreneurship education and training and advances through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis comprising the period 1973-2016. To collect data, only articles published in scientific journals were used in the SCOPUS database. Findings – The results highlight that both training and entrepreneurship education can be a strong strategic tool for regional development, and that it is important for entities such as academia, government and business to cooperate towards the same goal in order to strengthen the entrepreneurial intention of society. Findings reveal three clusters as trends of literature: entrepreneurial universities, entrepreneurial spirit and process of business creation. Originality/value – This paper contributes to fill the gap in terms of SLR on the importance of entrepreneurship education and training for regional development conducted by a bibliometric analysis. Keywords Entrepreneurship, Regional development, Bibliometric analysis, Systematic literature review, Education and training, Entrepreneurial universities
- The Impacts of the Entrepreneurial Conditions on Economic Growth: Evidence from OECD CountriesPublication . Gomes, Sofia; Ferreira, João José De Matos; Lopes, João; Farinha, LuísThis study aims to assess the impacts of entrepreneurial framework conditions on economic growth based on the level of economic development in transition-driven economies and innovation-driven economies. The data were organised into a panel (2000–2019) and obtained from the National Expert Survey (NES), the Global Monitor Entrepreneurship (GEM), and the World Bank. By applying the generalised method of moments (GMM) estimation, we found that R&D transfer has a negative impact on economic growth that is innovation-driven, but positively impacts transition-driven economies. The results further highlighted that regardless of the level of development of the country, business and professional infrastructure do not positively impact economic growth. However, taxes and bureaucracy and physical and service infrastructure were shown to positively impact only innovation-driven economies, as in transition-driven economies, they were shown to have negative impacts on economic growth. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the link between economic growth and the conditions for entrepreneurship in economies with different degrees of economic growth. This study can serve as a basis for policy makers to adjust or develop new policies to accelerate economic growth.
- Interactions between financial efficiency and sports performance: Data for a sustainable entrepreneurial approach of European professional football clubsPublication . Miragaia, D. A. M.; Ferreira, João José de Matos; Carvalho, Alexandre Miguel Guerreiro; Ratten, VanessaPurpose – In the current economic climate, the huge rise in the levels of debt incurred by professional football clubs challenges the need to improve their efficiency levels. Hence, analysis of their productivity is essential and represents an integral dimension to any realistic and efficient strategy. Any such strategy includes the identification and analysis of the inputs and outputs that underpin club sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between the team performance of professional European football clubs and the stability of their financial efficiency. Design/methodology/approach – The sample spans 15 professional football clubs that won the league titles in the leading football leagues (the English, German, Spanish, Italian and French leagues) in the period between 2009 and 2014. The analysis made recourse to the data envelopment analysis method. Findings – The results demonstrate that of the 15 clubs analysed, only 10 proved efficient. Football is now an industry that moves major quantities of financial capital and holds the attentions of large groups of fans worldwide. However, despite this attractiveness, the financial crisis and recession, ongoing since 2008, increasingly requires the better management of such resources. To this end, clubs should improve their control over the financial resources available given the positive relationship prevailing between the sporting performance of clubs and their levels of financial efficiency. Originality/value – Analysis of the efficiency levels of the inputs and outputs encapsulating performance related financial variables may aid in improving the standards of planning and sustainable management at professional sport clubs.
- Envolvimento, eventos críticos e governança nas Empresas Familiares: Estudo de casoPublication . Fernandes, Cristina; Nave, Edgar; Alves, Helena; Ferreira, João José de Matos; Raposo, Mario; Paço, Arminda doAs empresas familiares são cruciais para o crescimento económico e desenvolvimento em todo o mundo. Estas empresas apresentam certas especificidades em termos da sua visão, intenções e comportamentos que envolvem profundamente os membros da família. No âmbito do projeto SPRING (Succession Planning and Regeneration in Family Businesses for New Growth through an innovative training program), este artigo pretende apresentar o estudo de caso da empresa Ropre com vista a ilustrar, através de várias entrevistas levadas a cabo a membros da família, o envolvimento e motivação em relação ao negócio da família ao longo do tempo, os eventos críticos que afetaram o negócio familiar, e os mecanismos de governança familiar. Os resultados apontam para visões algo opostas entre os membros da família e os membros externos, sendo esta uma possível fonte de conflitos de interesse na empresa, no futuro. Apesar destas dificuldades, a visão de longo prazo do mercado, a internacionalização, a capacidade de adaptação, e a abertura à mudança estratégica, foram determinantes para o sucesso e longevidade do negócio familiar. Este é um bom exemplo de uma empresa familiar no que respeita à capacidade de inovar e de se internacionalizar; para além disso, o envolvimento dos membros da família na empresa, a sua dedicação, resiliência e capacidade de adaptação a novas realidades é notório. No entanto, o problema da sucessão ainda precisa de ser discutido e amadurecido pela família.
- Measurement of Customer’s Tacit Knowledge in Small Rural LodgingsPublication . Pereira, Carla; Alves, Helena; Ferreira, JoãoThis article seeks to contribute a first approach to the operational implementation of the facets of tacit knowledge (TK) for small rural lodgings and its impact on customers’ loyalty behavior. Based on a questionnaire survey of clients of small rural lodgings, this study operationalizes TK within a wither model applying the variables of trust, affective commitment, quality of treatment and service, satisfaction, and loyalty. The data included 598 questionnaires which were processed through recourse to the structural equation models. The results enable the conclusion that the three TK dimensions (cognitive, technical, and social) appropriately measure TK. The variables that demonstrate the capacity for employees to act beyond the scope of that requested of them and pre-emptively understanding situations are the best to explain the cognitive dimension. The variables evidencing employee know-how present the best results for the technical dimension. The variables demonstrating interactions beyond the necessary tasks and client orientation are the ones that better measure the social dimension. The scale deployed in this article, representing a first attempt to render TK operationally from the perspective of customer evaluation, has certain limitations. Some of the questionnaire variables were simply eliminated, and this may reflect how the scale requires refinement to be applicable to broader-reaching evaluation processes. This article presents a first operational application of TK to a business environment and that enables evaluation by third parties as to its relevance and importance in fostering loyalty.
- The Influence of Embeddedness on Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Strategy: A Gender Perspective in the Agri-Food SectorPublication . Santos, Gina; Marques, C.S.E.; Ferreira, João José de MatosThis study aims to identify the antecedents of entrepreneurial activity in the agri-food sector of the Portuguese region of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (TMAD), taking into account a gender perspective. Thus, we intend to assess whether the environment influences embeddedness, and whether embeddedness, individual entrepreneurial orientation, innovative behaviour and gender impact or influence the perceptions of feasibility and desirability as antecedents of entrepreneurial activity of entrepreneurs in the agri-food sector of the TMAD region. The measurement instrument was applied to 249 firms in the agri-food sector, created in the last 5 years. A model was conceptualised where the relationships between the constructs relating to embeddedness, IEO and EI were presented, and three control variables were subsequently added: the innovative behaviour, the environment and gender. Univariate and multivariate statistical techniques, such as structural equation modelling, were used to assess the proposed conceptual model. Thus, considering the complexity of the model under study, we performed an analysis which considered personal factors or characteristics, such as innovative behaviour, gender and IEO, as these are characteristics of the individual and may be influenced or shaped by external factors such as the context, i.e., the environment and embeddedness.
- The Influence of Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialization (RIS3) on University-Industry CollaborationPublication . Mascarenhas, Carla; Marques, Carla S.; Ferreira, João José de Matos; Galvão, AndersonThis study aims to understand better research and innovation strategies for smart specialization (RIS3) and assess how they influence university-industry (U-I) collaboration empirically. Primary data were collected from a focus group consisting of representatives of universities and government entities from Portugal and Spain. Secondary European Union (EU) data on the application of smart specialization measures and the innovation in these two countries were also included. The results reveal difficulties in implementing RIS3, resulting in decreased investment in research and innovation in all production sectors. Evidence also pointed to the negative impact of smart specialization measures on U-I collaboration and, consequently, on the respective knowledge transfer.
- Employee Brand Engagement on Social Media: Managing Optimism and CommonalityPublication . Pitt, C.; Botha, E.; Ferreira, João José de Matos; Kietzmann, J.This article considers how employees engage with B2B firms on social media, a topic that is largely overlooked in the extant brand engagement literature. Using the results from a large-scale study of employee brand engagement on social media, we identify two key drivers of employee brand engagement using the content analysis tool DICTION–—namely, optimism and commonality. Employees of top-ranked and -rated firms express higher levels of optimism and commonality in their reviews of their employers on social media than do their counterparts in bottom-ranked and-rated firms. This permits the construction of a 2 X 2 matrix that allows managers to diagnose strategies for increasing or improving employee brand engagement. This creates four different kinds of employee brand engagement situations, and offers human resources and marketing managers different strategies in each case. We demonstrate how practitioners and scholars can shed new light on the way stakeholders engage with brands
- Do stakeholders matter in strategic decision making of a sports organization?Publication . Miragaia, D. A. M.; Ferreira, João; Carreira, AndréThis study aims to identify and prioritize the stakeholders involved in making decisions in a sports organization. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the influence of the attributes of power, legitimacy and urgency on the salience of the various stakeholders. The results showed a convergence of external and internal decision makers’ perceptions, concerning the three main stakeholder groups: top management, sponsors and member association. Pearson correlations identified four types of stakeholder: definitive, dangerous, demanding and non-stakeholders. A generalized differentiation was also found in stakeholder classification, regarding evaluation of attributes, between external and internal decision makers. In addition, the study suggests the success of organizations’ management will depend on correct identification of stakeholders and consequent assessment of their relevance, in order to highlight who should get priority, and how, in strategic decision making.
- Smart specialization policies: innovative performance models from European regionsPublication . Lopes, João; Farinha, Luís; Ferreira, João; Silveira, PauloThis research seeks to identify the factors that best explain the performance of regional innovation in Europe, in the era of smart specialization. Data were collected from the Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2016 and a quantitative methodology was followed using linear regressions as statistical methods. The results allowed us to reach four explanatory models of performance innovation for Innovative Regions Leader, Strong, Moderate and Modest. Some policies have also been suggested as possible regional innovation measures that can help policy makers to clarify and improve the innovation performance of these regions.