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- In-season internal and external training load quantification of an elite European soccer teamPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João P.; Martins, Alexandre; Mendes, Bruno; Marinho, Daniel; Ferraz, Ricardo; Marques, Mário C.Elite soccer teams that participate in European competitions need to have players in the best physical and psychological status possible to play matches. As a consequence of congestive schedule, controlling the training load (TL) and thus the level of effort and fatigue of players to reach higher performances during the matches is therefore critical. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide the first report of seasonal internal and external training load that included Hooper Index (HI) scores in elite soccer players during an in-season period. Nineteen elite soccer players were sampled, using global position system to collect total distance, high-speed distance (HSD) and average speed (AvS). It was also collected session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and HI scores during the daily training sessions throughout the 2015-2016 in-season period. Data were analysed across ten mesocycles (M: 1 to 10) and collected according to the number of days prior to a one-match week. Total daily distance covered was higher at the start (M1 and M3) compared to the final mesocycle (M10) of the season. M1 (5589m) reached a greater distance than M5 (4473m) (ES = 9.33 [12.70, 5.95]) and M10 (4545m) (ES = 9.84 [13.39, 6.29]). M3 (5691m) reached a greater distance than M5 (ES = 9.07 [12.36, 5.78]), M7 (ES = 6.13 [8.48, 3.79]) and M10 (ES = 9.37 [12.76, 5.98]). High-speed running distance was greater in M1 (227m), than M5 (92m) (ES = 27.95 [37.68, 18.22]) and M10 (138m) (ES = 8.46 [11.55, 5.37]). Interestingly, the s-RPE response was higher in M1 (331au) in comparison to the last mesocycle (M10, 239au). HI showed minor variations across mesocycles and in days prior to the match. Every day prior to a match, all internal and external TL variables expressed significant lower values to other days prior to a match (p<0.01). In general, there were no differences between player positions. Conclusions: Our results reveal that despite the existence of some significant differences between mesocycles, there were minor changes across the in-season period for the internal and external TL variables used. Furthermore, it was observed that MD-1 presented a reduction of external TL (regardless of mesocycle) while internal TL variables did not have the same record during in-season match-day-minus.
- In-season training load quantification of a top elite European soccer male teamPublication . Oliveira, Rafael Franco Soares; Marques, Mário António Cardoso; Brito, João Paulo Reis Gonçalves Moreira deThe higher level of competitiveness in soccer lead coaches to a better training load management in order to avoid accumulative fatigue, to keep the best performance possible of their team and, consequently, to prepare the team to win the game. Thus, it is relevant to quantify training load applied to the players to get better the control and monitoring of the team as well as to get knowledge about the periodization applied. Therefore, the general aim of this thesis was to quantify external and internal training load during in-season 2015-2016 from a top elite European soccer male team. For the accomplishment of this purpose, the following sequence was used: (i) literature review of the current subject; (ii) the study of training load quantification during in-season; (iii) the study of training load quantification of one, two and three games week. The main conclusions were: (i) there were minor changes across the in-season period for the internal and external training load variables used; (ii) there was a decrease of training load until the day prior to the match for all variables; (iii) external training load was reduced from the following day of the match until the day prior to the match, however internal training load variables does not reveal the same pattern; (iv) training load applied in weeks with different number of matches seems similar. This thesis allows to obtain references about the periodization pattern observed across a full competitive season and allows generate reference values for elite players that can be considered for the coaches in the control and monitoring of the training load.