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- Intelligent micro-cogeneration systems for residential grids: a sustainable solution for efficient energy managementPublication . Cardoso, Daniel; Nunes, Daniel Figueira; Faria, João; Fael, Paulo; Gaspar, Pedro DinisThis paper presents an optimization approach for Micro-cogeneration systems with internal combustion engines integrated into residential grids, addressing power demand failures caused by intermittent renewable energy sources. The proposed method leverages machine learning techniques, control strategies, and grid data to improve system flexibility and efficiency in meeting electricity and domestic hot water demands. Historical residential grid data were analysed to develop a machine learning-based demand prediction model for electricity and hot water. Thermal energy storage was integrated into the Micro-cogeneration system to enhance flexibility. An optimization model was created, considering efficiency, emissions, and cost while adapting to real-time demand changes. A control strategy was designed for the flexible operation of the Micro-cogeneration system, addressing excess thermal energy storage and resource allocation. The proposed solution’s effectiveness was validated through simulations, with results demonstrating the Micro-cogeneration system’s ability to efficiently address high electricity and hot water demand periods while mitigating power demand failures from renewable energy sources. The research presents a novel approach with the potential to significantly improve grid resilience, energy efficiency, and renewable energy integration in residential grids, contributing to more sustainable and reliable energy systems.
- Modelação e simulação de um motor/gerador de relutância variável para substituição do volante de inércia do motor de combustão internaPublication . Cardoso, Daniel Filipe da Silva; Fael, Paulo Manuel OliveiraEste trabalho apresenta a modelação e o desenvolvimento de uma simulação usando a ferramenta de programação com ambiente gráfico SIMULINK®. com este trabalho pretende-se mostrar a viabilidade do estudo e desenvolvimento de um motor/gerador capaz de anular a necessidade dos motores de combustão interna em utilizar um volante de inércia para acumular energia dos tempos motores onde é produzido binário para depois a fornecer nos tempos onde não é produzido binário. Com este sistema pretende-se reduzir vibrações e aumentar a eficiência dos motores de combustão interna.
- Analysis and Mitigation Strategies for Torque Fluctuations in Alternative EnginesPublication . Cardoso, Daniel Filipe da Silva; Fael, Paulo Manuel Oliveira; Espírito Santo, António Eduardo Vitória doClimate change represents an escalating global crisis, with environmental, social, and economic consequences that are reshaping societies worldwide. The transportation sector bears a substantial share of responsibility for global greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, advancements in engine design and the development of advanced control systems have contributed to improved performance and efficiency. Despite significant progress in the electrification of transport, internal combustion engine (ICE) development continues to receive considerable investment due to its broad applicability and existing infrastructure. A key challenge in ICEs, particularly reciprocating engines, is the mitigation of torque irregularities caused by the intermittent nature of the combustion process. Addressing this issue through mechanical actuators presents a technically demanding yet promising solution, with potential to overcome limitations of alternative technologies and unlock new engineering developments. This research analyses instantaneous torque irregularities in reciprocating ICEs during their operating cycles and the associated speed fluctuations. It identifies the underlying causes and evaluates their impact on overall engine torque and rotational speed. Based on this analysis, a mechanical actuator composed of a plate cam and a compression spring is designed and optimised. The actuator stores and releases mechanical energy to generate a counteracting torque equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the engine’s output. This counter-phase torque minimizes torque fluctuations and significantly reduces speed variations, improving engine performance without increasing drivetrain inertia. The study proposes a purely mechanical solution to attenuate torque variations, contributing to more efficient and environmentally sustainable engines. Practical validation of the actuator will confirm its applicability and performance impact.