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- Building Maintenance ManagementPublication . Falorca, Jorge Gabriel Furtado; [Tese autoproposta]Buildings are some of the most valuable assets of any nation, in the sense that they provide people shelter, places to work and leisure, and so many others functions. With the rising costs of new buildings, the need for Building Maintenance (BM), has become even more relevant, since it allows the qualification of the built portfolio, helps boosting the economy, upgrades life well-being of users, as well as the appreciation of spaces in generally. BM, when seen in a structured way, is currently making significant progresses; although, regarding buildings, there seems to be a need for further development. However, the widespread perception is that Maintenance Actions (MA) are still, in their generality, reactive, consisting of corrective actions, major reforms and unscheduled interventions, carried out mainly on the basis of the available budgets, with the main objective of restoring the operational status of elements and the normal utilisation conditions. While in the equipment sector, still are the experience, the evaluations and the recommendations of the manufacturers the most decisive aspects for the type and frequency of maintenance operations, at the level of constructive elements of buildings, this practice is, nevertheless, already making positive developments, although it is still bluntly far from what would be desirable. Therefore, regarding the buildings’ subject, there are aspects needing improvements towards more sustainable ways of acting and thinking. The main objective of this thesis is the presentation of the general lines of a broad and integrated model, developed for BMM, that is, a base algorithm for an Information System for Automatisation of Procedures in the BMM, referred to in an abbreviated form as SIAPME (initials in Portuguese). By establishing himself as an additional contribution to deepen knowledge on the subject of BMM, this model thus proposes a set of methodological actions - which, when used by an organisation of this sector of activity (regardless of its size), will, in theory, allow the management process to develop in a more sustainable manner. This, both from an operational and the information integration point of view and in line with the current technological and scientific challenges. For the above purpose, this thesis gathers a selection of scientific articles, arranged through a sequence that was deemed to be the most coherent. In this perspective, its presentation is established in line with the development of study and research work carried out in recent years. The methodology followed involved a broad literature review as well as the selection and treatment of information considered most important for the purposes. Literature was gathered relying mostly on repositories, institutional sites, Internet search engines, etc. MS Excel capabilities were also used, both for treatment of numerical data (when necessary) as for systematising knowledge and ideas, particularly in order to design the SIAPME algorithm - which was based on the elaboration and presentation of a vast set of organisation charts and flow charts, inserted in several sheets, with hyperlinks to each other. Visual Basic was also used to develop the experimental adaptation of the Resources Management function foreseen in SIAPME model. The overall results achieved from this model seem to be quite positive, especially when compared to similar cases. For development of SIAPME, a concise and in-depth state of the art has been carried out, available in an organised manner; also, an innovative design algorithm for GME has been succeeded, planned to be quite broad and with a larger capacity of information storage that many of current models seem to lack. It is believed that after an eventual SIAPME evolving process to an informatics tool, it may present transversal characteristics to the previously considered ratings of CAFM and CMMS systems, basically covering every single aspects of its application categories, those being building management, space management, etc. Overall, it is believed that the results of this study could make significant contribution towards a paradigm shift regarding the way BMM is still seen and practised.
- A utilização de drones como ferramenta tecnológica emergente para a inspeção técnica da envolvente de edifíciosPublication . Falorca, Jorge; Lanzinha, JoãoEntre as técnicas de inspeção de edifícios, a inspeção visual é das mais utilizadas, desempenhando um papel relevante na avaliação célere dos problemas construtivos e na definição de um modo adequado de intervenção. No caso da envolvente, este procedimento é também um requisito primordial para garantia da respetiva integridade e segurança. Contudo, o recurso a esta prática simples, pode frequentemente encontrar dificuldades, sobretudo quando os locais a inspecionar são de difícil acesso ou existem riscos de segurança para o inspetor. Torna-se por isso importante encontrar soluções auxiliadoras, que permitam contornar e superar tais contrariedades e das quais possam ainda resultar benefícios substanciais. É neste contexto que surge o recurso à utilização de drones. Estes aparelhos voadores não tripulados, são um instrumento tecnológico que está em franco desenvolvimento. Quando possuidores de determinadas características físicas (geralmente de tamanho pequeno e multirotores) e terem a capacidade de transportar os equipamentos adequados (sobretudo camaras de alta definição “HD” ou térmicas), os drones têm associadas enormes potencialidades para a coadjuvação eficaz, económica e com menores riscos, da monitorização da condição de diversos casos de construções civis, nas quais se inserem, com particular interesse, os edifícios e os elementos construtivos das envolventes exteriores. Tendo em consideração a importância que estas aeronaves estão a assumir como tecnologia robótica emergente na indústria da construção (IC) e o facto de se constituírem como uma ferramenta de elevado potencial para o apoio a atividades de engenharia civil, julgou-se pertinente realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre este tema e, nesse seguimento, apresentar as linhas gerais de um trabalho académico simples em que se realizou um ensaio de campo à inspeção das fachadas de um edifício alto. Desta forma, balizam-se alguns aspetos sobre os progressos entretanto alcançados com os drones, tendo sido possível corroborar a grande utilidade e a importância que os mesmos começam a assumir no âmbito da inspeção técnica de edifícios.
- Developments towards the use of drones in the building envelope condition assessmentPublication . Falorca, Jorge; Lanzinha, JoãoThis book presents a study on the effectiveness of using drones in the technical inspection of building envelope, as an excellent alternative to more expensive and heavier conventional means. A comprehensive literature review is firstly focused on the drone technology, analysing afterwards the applications in the Construction Industry (CI), with emphasis in the scope of building envelope inspections. Field tests with drones were also performed and the resulting data was treated in order to obtain a facade pathologies diagnosis with a highest degree of accuracy. It has been checked that the use of drones is effectively a promising alternative methodology to support the technical inspection and diagnosis of building envelope pathologies, particularly when displaying a multirotor configuration, loading high-definition (HD) cameras, for both stills photography and video. This view can offer valuable input to enable a greater awareness of the use of drones, particularly in hard-to-reach locations, to the detriment of conventional means. This methodology can bring great benefits, particularly from an environmental impact point of view, since the resources used are much lower. Furthermore, a very reliable diagnosis can be achievable more quickly, and at a much lower cost.