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Fernandes Rodrigues dos Santos, Albano Paulo Jorge
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- Concurrent resistance and aerobic training follow a detraining period in elementary school studentsPublication . Santos, Albano Paulo Jorge Fernandes Rodrigues dos; Marques, Mário António Cardoso; Marinho, Daniel AlmeidaStudents involved in physical education classes often perform strength and aerobic training concurrently in an effort to achieve specific adaptations to both forms of training. However, the scientific literature has produced inconclusive results. Additionally, interruptions in training process because holidays are normal situations in school context. This recess can produce a children’s performance loss. Nevertheless, the detraining period and its consequences are not well reported in sports literature, and namely during puberty. This is important since the period of strength training cessation can produce a positive delay transformation rebound in sports specific performance, which is determinant on school performance evaluation of the student. Therefore, the general objectives of this thesis were to analyze the effects of strength training alone and concurrent strength and aerobic training on strength and aerobic performances on a large sample of healthy school subjects; and to assess the effects of a detraining period on strength, power and aerobic performances. To test our hypothesis we set 5 studies: 1 study review and 4 experimental studies. One hundred and nine healthy children (42 boys, 67 girls) recruited from a Portuguese public high school were randomly assigned into two experimental groups (8 weeks training program) and one control group as follows: one group performing strength training only (GR); another group performing combined strength and aerobic training (GCOM); and the third was the control group (GC, no training program). All sample subjects attended physical education classes twice a week. Strength and aerobic parameters were assessed prior and after a training program period and post a detraining period as well. From pre- to post-training period GCOM’s subjects did not take advantage over GR’s subjects in jumps, running speed and balls throwing tests. VO2max increased significantly in GCOM and remained unchanged in both GC (except for girls) and GR groups. Concurrent training is an effective, well-rounded exercise program that can be set up as a means to improve initial or general strength in healthy school non-adult population; training program effects persists even at the end of detraining period. Future researches should examine the interference effects arising from the order of strength and aerobic training exercises program on strength enhancement.
- The Effects of Concurrent Resistance and Endurance Training Follow a Specific Detraining Cycle in Young School GirlsPublication . Santos, Albano; Marinho, Daniel; Costa, Aldo; Izquierdo, Mikel; Marques, MCThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an 8-week training period of strength training alone (GR), or combined strength and endurance training (GCOM), followed by 12-weeks of de-training (DT) on body composition, power strength and VO2max adaptations in a schooled group of adolescent girls. Sixty-seven healthy girls recruited from a Portuguese public high school (age: 13.5+1.03 years, from 7(th) and 9th grade) were divided into three experimental groups to train twice a week for 8 wks: GR (n=21), GCOM (n=25) and a control group (GC: n=21; no training program). Anthropometric parameters variables as well as performance variables (strength and aerobic fitness) were assessed. No significant training-induced differences were observed in 1kg and 3kg medicine ball throw gains (2.7 to 10.8%) between GR and GCOM groups, whereas no significant changes were observed after a DT period in any of the experimental groups. Significant training-induced gains in CMVJ (8 to 12%) and CMSLJ (0.8 to 5.4%) were observed in the experimental groups. Time of 20m significantly decreased (GR: -11.5% and GCOM: -10%) after both treatment periods, whereas only the GR group kept the running speed after a DT period of 12 weeks. After training VO2max increased only slightly for GCOM (4.0%). No significant changes were observed after the DT period in all groups, except to GCOM in CMVJ and CMSLJ. Performing simultaneous strength and endurance training in the same workout does not appear to negatively influence power strength and aerobic fitness development in adolescent girls. Indeed, concurrent strength and endurance training seems to be an effective, well-rounded exercise program that can be prescribed as a means to improve initial or general strength in healthy school girls. De-training period was not sufficient to reduce the overall training effects.
- The effects of concurrent resistance and endurance training follow a detraining period in elementary school studentsPublication . Santos, Albano P.; Marinho, Daniel; Costa, Aldo M.; Izquierdo, Mikel; Marques, MCThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an 8-week training period of resistance training alone (GR), or combined resistance and endurance training (GCOM), followed by 12 weeks of detraining (DT) on body composition, explosive strength, and ·VO₂max adaptations in a large sample of adolescent school boys. Forty-two healthy boys recruited from a Portuguese public high school (age: 13.3 ± 1.04 years) were assigned to 2 experimental groups to train twice a week for 8 weeks: GR (n = 15), GCOM (n = 15), and a control group (GC: n = 12; no training program). Significant training-induced differences were observed in 1- and 3-kg medicine ball throw gains (GR: +10.3 and +9.8%, respectively; GCOM: +14.4 and +7%, respectively), whereas no significant changes were observed after a DT period in both the experimental groups. Significant training-induced gains in the height and length of the countermovement (vertical-and-horizontal) jumps were observed in both the experimental groups. No differences were perceived after a DT period in lower limb power. Time at 20 m decreased significantly for both intervention programs (GR: -11.5% and GCOM: -12.4%, <0.00), but either GR or GCOM groups kept the running speed after a DT period of 12 weeks. After training, the ·VO₂max increased only significantly for GCOM (4.6%, p = 0.01). A significant loss was observed after a DT period in GR but not in GCOM. Performing resistance and endurance training in the same workout does not impair strength development in young school boys. As expected, strength training by itself does not improve aerobic capacity. Our results also suggest that training program effects even persist at the end of the DT period.