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- Promoting players’ safety and welfare through the sharing of scientific knowledge with sports agents: the new reality of Portuguese rugby sevensPublication . Ferreira, António Miguel da Cruz; Ferreira, Eduardo Cruz; Barata, Luis Taborda; Santiago, Luiz Miguel de Mendonça SoaresAs the authors of the recently published article “Epidemiology of injuries in senior male rugby union sevens: a systematic review”, we would like to share with you its impact on the Portuguese rugby community and our achievements since then. [...]
- Epidemiology of Time-Loss Injuries in Senior and Under-18 Portuguese Male Rugby PlayersPublication . Ferreira, António Miguel da Cruz; Ferreira, Eduardo Cruz; Ribeiro, Pedro Barbosa; Santiago, Luiz Miguel de Mendonça Soares; Barata, Luis TabordaRugby union has one of the highest injury incidence rates in team sports, however, most of the available data focus on the epidemiology of injuries in countries where rugby is popular. We aimed to report the incidence rate and relevant epidemiological aspects of injuries occurred in a group of Portuguese male rugby players. A prospective cohort study was conducted with a group of 45 senior and 32 under-18 male players (total of 77 players). Outcome measures included injury incidence, position, type, location and severity of injuries. The match injury incidence for all players was 55.84 per 1000 player match-hours (66.66 for seniors, 42.85 for under-18), while mean time-loss for injury was 20.79 days. No statistical differences were found between groups. Lower limb injuries accounted for 60.5% of all injuries, while joint/ligament injuries were the most prevalent type. Contact events were responsible for 65.1% of injuries. Despite the limitations, the obtained data are consistent with the literature. Time-loss injuries seem highly prevalent in rugby union and the incidence rates found in this Portuguese-based study were lower than the reported for international and senior men's professional rugby union, but higher than those occurring in community rugby in tier-1 countries. The authors believe these data reinforce the need to develop and implement effective injury surveillance and prevention programs.
- Compassion and extracurricular activities of Portuguese Health Sciences students in PortugalPublication . Santiago, Luiz Miguel de Mendonça Soares; Rosendo, Inês; Valente, Catarina; Ferreira, António Miguel da Cruz; Simões, José Augusto RodriguesBackground Compassion, one of the items of empathy, is crucial in health care professions. So, the evaluation of the levels of compassion of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Master Degrees’ (M.D.) students of the public Colleges in Portugal according to the type of Master Degree and the participation in extracurricular activities (E.A.) was a task to be performed. Methods Cross-sectional study in 2020, applying an on-line questionnaire including the “Compassion” items of the Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale – Students’ version and questions about the participation in E.A. Results A sample of 901 students was studied. Its distribution by participation in E.A. did not differ significantly between M.D. (p = 0,854), most of the students participating in E.A. Using quartile distribution of compassion, the distribution of compassion levels was different among the three I.M. (p < 0.001), between Colleges (p < 0.001), and between curricular years (p < 0.001), with not different between genders (p = 0.036). For 56.4%, 74,6% and 69,5% of the respondents there was “medium-low” and “low” compassion for I.M. in Medicine, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Dentistry. These levels were also more prevalent among students in the 1st and 5th years. Levels of compassion were not different with the participation (p = 0,865), type (p = 0,177) and frequency of E.A. (p = 0,109). Conclusions For their importance in future health care professionals, compassion and their differences found among the M.Ds. of this area deserve future studies. Levels of compassion showed differences between the M.D. studied and academic years of frequency. There was no relationship between the participation, type, and frequency of E.A. and the students’ levels of compassion. The distribution of the level of compassion did not vary significantly with participation in E.A. (p = 0.865), with the type of E.A. (p = 0.177), with the frequency of E.A. (p = 0.109) or with the answer to the question “The practice of E.A. can make a person more compassionate?” (p = 0.503).
- Epidemiology of injuries in Portuguese senior male rugby union sevensPublication . Ferreira, António Miguel da Cruz; Santiago, Luiz Miguel; Barata, Luís Manuel TabordaObjectives: To conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding the epidemiology of injuries in rugby sevens. To determine the incidence rate of injuries in the Portuguese senior male sevens circuit, to characterize them and identify associated factors. To present the results of the study to relevant rugby agents, make suggestions aiming at the mitigation of the problem and collect their feedback. Methodology: A systematic review of the literature was performed. Most relevant electronic databases were searched, complemented by manual searches of bibliographies and “grey literature”. A prospective cohort study recording time-loss injuries was then conducted, during the 2015/16 Portuguese circuit (two top divisions). Main outcome measures included: incidence rate, location, type and severity of injuries. Data were also collected regarding players’ training loads. Later, in June 2017, suggestions to mitigate the burden of injuries in Portuguese sevens were presented during a scientific meeting and feedback was requested. Data were then compiled, analyzed and used to make recommendations to the Board of the Portuguese Rugby Union. Results: Overall injury incidence rates in elite senior male rugby sevens tournaments ranged between 101.5 and 119.8 per 1000 player-match-hours. Mean severity was greater than 34.1 days. Lower limb and joint/ligament injuries were the most frequent injuries in elite players. The only study in amateur players revealed a lower incidence rate, and a higher proportion of muscle/tendon injuries. During our cohort study, 27 injuries were recorded (incidence rate of 133.9 injuries per 1000 player match-hours). Average severity was 22.22 days. Most injuries occurred in the lower limb and were joint/ligament or muscle/tendon types. Association between injury and lower training loads during the sevens season was identified for the second-tier (p=0.021). For the same level, an inverse relation between training hours and injury severity was also found (p=0.008). Top-tier players training sevens and fifteens simultaneously during the year presented a significant increase of injury risk (relative risk=3.2; p=0.011). Based on these findings several recommendations were presented to independent rugby agents, with 95% agreeing and 81% stating that they would implement them at their own clubs. Conclusions: We conducted the first ever systematic review of the literature on the epidemiology of injuries in rugby sevens. Data obtained confirmed their high incidence rate and severity. We also presented the first study providing benchmark values for the incidence, severity and risk factors associated with injuries in senior male Portuguese rugby sevens. Incidence rates were similar to those at elite tournaments, but severity was lower. Considering the associations between training loads and injuries in both levels of the competition, we suggest the need to customize sevens preparation. The level of acceptance of our recommendations by independent rugby agents was surprisingly high. A summary of the recommendations was submitted to the Portuguese Rugby Union, for their consideration. Authorization and official support to implement a injury surveillance program for the 2017/18 rugby season were subsequently granted. Although we agree that the real impact of our effort will only be assessed by future studies, our main goal has already been achieved: scientific evidence was used aiming at the promotion of player’s safety and welfare in Portuguese rugby sevens.
- Epidemiology of injuries in Portuguese senior male rugby union sevens: a cohort prospective studyPublication . Ferreira, António Miguel da Cruz; Ferreira, Eduardo Cruz; Silva, João Diogo; Ferreira, Ricardo Maia; Santiago, Luiz Miguel de Mendonça Soares; Barata, Luis TabordaObjectives: To assess the incidence, type and location of injuries sustained during the Portuguese rugby union sevens circuit. To investigate the influence of players’ training loads on injury risk. Methods: A prospective cohort study recording time-loss injuries was conducted with all teams competing in the Portuguese national rugby sevens circuit (eight from the top-tier and seven from the second-tier). Main outcome measures included: incidence rate, anatomical location, type, injury incident and severity. Data were also collected regarding players’ training loads. Fisher's exact test was used to estimate the relative risk of suffering an injury during the sevens season and training sevens during the fifteens season. Results: A total of 27 injuries were recorded corresponding to an incidence rate of 133.9 injuries per 1000 player match-hours. The average severity was 22.22 days. Contact events preceded 81.5% of injuries. Most injuries occurred in the lower limb (66.7%) and were joint/ligament or muscle/tendon injuries (85.1%). The association between injuries and lower volume of training during the sevens season was identified for the second-tier (p=0.021). For the same level, an inverse relation between training hours and injury severity was also found (p=0.008). Top-tier players training sevens and fifteens simultaneously during the year presented a significant increase of injury risk (relative risk=3.2; p=0.011). Conclusions: Injury incidence in our study is similar to that reported for international sevens, although severity is lower. An association between training loads and the occurrence of injuries was found for both tiers, although with differential results, thus reinforcing the need to customize players’ preparation. Further studies at non-elite competitions are needed to gather significant data to accurately formulate future injury prevention protocols or recommend modifications to game laws or competition formats, aiming at players’ welfare.
- Epidemiology of injuries in senior male rugby union sevens: a systematic reviewPublication . Ferreira, António Miguel da Cruz; Ferreira, Eduardo Cruz; Santiago, Luiz Miguel; Barata, Luis TabordaIn 2016 the Rugby Union variant of sevens will enter the official Olympic Programme. Until now, most of injury surveillance studies in Rugby Union focus on elite 15-a-side cohorts, with reported injury incidence rates reaching 96 per 1000 player-match-hours, and mean severity set at 20 days. Sparse data is available regarding rugby sevens. The aim of this study was to systematically review available data regarding the epidemiology of injuries in senior male rugby sevens.