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Publication
Determinação de cafeina, teofilina e harmol em refrigerantes, cafés e chás adquiridos em retail market
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Abstract(s)
A cafeína e a teofilina são metilxantinas amplamente presentes em diversas bebidas
comercializadas, reconhecidas pela sua atividade biológica que melhora o aroma e o
sabor, além de proporcionar efeitos estimulantes e terapêuticos. O harmol, por sua vez,
é um alcaloide beta-carbolínico com grande potencial terapêutico, nomeadamente pelas
suas propriedades antidepressivas, antioxidantes e anticancerígenas. Estas substâncias
estão frequentemente presentes em matrizes alimentares complexas, o que requer
métodos analíticos sensíveis para a sua identificação e quantificação.
Neste estudo, cujo objetivo foi validar e aplicar um método cromatográfico para a
determinação simultânea de cafeína, teofilina e harmol em amostras de bebidas
adquiridas no mercado português, recorreu-se à cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência
com detetor de arranjo de díodos (HPLC-DAD). O método desenvolvido foi validado de
acordo com critérios internacionais, demonstrando elevada linearidade, seletividade,
exatidão e precisão, com coeficientes de determinação superiores a 0,99.
O método foi aplicado a 27 amostras de bebidas, das quais 21 correspondiam a cafés e 6
a chás adquiridos em superfícies comerciais e estabelecimentos de retalho. Os resultados
mostraram que a cafeína é o composto predominante em todas as amostras analisadas,
enquanto as concentrações de teofilina e harmol variaram em função do tipo de bebida
e da matriz analisada. Este estudo permitiu concluir que o método desenvolvido é
adequado para a monitorização destas substâncias em diferentes matrizes alimentares,
contribuindo para um melhor entendimento do consumo de metilxantinas e harmol pela
população portuguesa e promovendo avanços no controlo analítico de compostos
bioativos.
Caffeine and theophylline are methylxanthines widely present in various commercial beverages, recognised for their biological activity, which enhances flavour and aroma, as well as providing stimulating and therapeutic effects. Harmol, on the other hand, is a beta-carboline alkaloid with significant therapeutic potential, particularly due to its antidepressant, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. These substances are often found in complex food matrices, requiring sensitive analytical methods for their identification and quantification. This study aimed to validate and apply a chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of caffeine, theophylline, and harmol in beverage samples acquired from the Portuguese market, using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The developed method was validated according to international criteria, demonstrating high linearity, selectivity, accuracy, and precision, with determination coefficients exceeding 0.99. The method was applied to 27 beverage samples, comprising 21 coffees and 6 teas purchased from commercial establishments and retail outlets. The results showed that caffeine was the predominant compound in all analysed samples, while the concentrations of theophylline and harmol varied depending on the type of beverage and the matrix analysed. This study concluded that the developed method is suitable for monitoring these substances in different food matrices, contributing to a better understanding of the consumption of methylxanthines and harmol by the Portuguese population and promoting advancements in the analytical control of bioactive compounds.
Caffeine and theophylline are methylxanthines widely present in various commercial beverages, recognised for their biological activity, which enhances flavour and aroma, as well as providing stimulating and therapeutic effects. Harmol, on the other hand, is a beta-carboline alkaloid with significant therapeutic potential, particularly due to its antidepressant, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. These substances are often found in complex food matrices, requiring sensitive analytical methods for their identification and quantification. This study aimed to validate and apply a chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of caffeine, theophylline, and harmol in beverage samples acquired from the Portuguese market, using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The developed method was validated according to international criteria, demonstrating high linearity, selectivity, accuracy, and precision, with determination coefficients exceeding 0.99. The method was applied to 27 beverage samples, comprising 21 coffees and 6 teas purchased from commercial establishments and retail outlets. The results showed that caffeine was the predominant compound in all analysed samples, while the concentrations of theophylline and harmol varied depending on the type of beverage and the matrix analysed. This study concluded that the developed method is suitable for monitoring these substances in different food matrices, contributing to a better understanding of the consumption of methylxanthines and harmol by the Portuguese population and promoting advancements in the analytical control of bioactive compounds.
Description
Keywords
Cafeína Harmol Hplc-Dad Metilxantinas Retail Market Teofilina