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Abstract(s)
Documentada desde o princípio pela perspectiva masculina, a história da humanidade confrontase com a metade da sociedade que pouco foi descrita como agente atuante: as mulheres. E delas
muito se falou, muito se idealizou; em contrapartida muitas de suas vozes foram silenciadas, por
séculos. No intuito de observar a história pela perspectiva também das mulheres que muito agiram,
questionamos como a mulher se constrói subjetivamente como ser social, e se estes mesmos
parâmetros se mantêm atuais.
Partimos da época clássica analisando o mito de Deméter e sua Perséfone, e percorremos diversos
períodos, centrando-nos na história das mulheres tal como foi difundida, e apontando onde e como
as mulheres agiam. No entanto outras ciências como a Arqueologia e a Antropologia são utilizadas
como ferramentas fundamentais na análise da narrativa histórica, não somente da forma escrita e
falada, como também pictórica. Da mitologia clássica traçamos um caminho até a cultura mais
recente, ao analisar algumas representações femininas, principalmente as imagens da Virgem Maria
e Maria Madalena, que resumem dois dos principais eixos arquetípicos da construção social
feminina: as mulheres bem aceites e as mulheres postas às margens.
Das mulheres marginalizadas caminhamos um pouco mais através da Psicologia e da Psicanálise,
trazendo à tona as novas estratégias utilizadas pelo campo médico no enclausuramento das mulheres.
Grandes cientistas tentaram provar o que a história já há muito suspeitava: somos sujeitos
socialmente construídos, apesar da inscrição biológica inata, que em nada altera o ser mulher atual.
Busca-se assim com este trabalho contribuir para a reorientação da perspectiva histórica ao incluir a
mulher também como agente, ao mesmo tempo que questionamos a sua construção enquanto ser
social.
Documented since the beginning of time from a male perspective, the history of humanity contends with half of society that is rarely depicted as people with agency: women. They are talked about, they are idealised. However, their own voices have been silenced for centuries. With the objective of studying history through a female perspective, we can ask how women have been able to construct themselves subjectively and as a social being, and if these parameters continue today. Starting from classical period we analyze the myth of Demeter and her daughter Persephone, we get a glimpse of how history is told, highlighting where women have agency, and how and why we know so little about it. Other sciences such as Archaeology and Anthropology are used as fundamental methodologies to analyse the historical narrative, not only written and spoken, but also pictorial. From the classical mythology we moving to more recent culture, we can analyse some feminine representations, principally the Virgin Mary and Mary Magdalene, who represent the opposite extremes of the two main archetypes of the female social construct: worshipped and demonized women. From the ostracised women we continue a little further into Psychology and Psychoanalysis, noting how new medical strategies were used in the repression of woman, while great scientists were trying to prove what history had already shown: we are socially constructed beings, despite our innate biology, which in no way alters the female being today. This research attempts to contribute to the reorientation of the historical perspective, including women as protagonists, while at the same time, continuing to question how she becomes a woman.
Documented since the beginning of time from a male perspective, the history of humanity contends with half of society that is rarely depicted as people with agency: women. They are talked about, they are idealised. However, their own voices have been silenced for centuries. With the objective of studying history through a female perspective, we can ask how women have been able to construct themselves subjectively and as a social being, and if these parameters continue today. Starting from classical period we analyze the myth of Demeter and her daughter Persephone, we get a glimpse of how history is told, highlighting where women have agency, and how and why we know so little about it. Other sciences such as Archaeology and Anthropology are used as fundamental methodologies to analyse the historical narrative, not only written and spoken, but also pictorial. From the classical mythology we moving to more recent culture, we can analyse some feminine representations, principally the Virgin Mary and Mary Magdalene, who represent the opposite extremes of the two main archetypes of the female social construct: worshipped and demonized women. From the ostracised women we continue a little further into Psychology and Psychoanalysis, noting how new medical strategies were used in the repression of woman, while great scientists were trying to prove what history had already shown: we are socially constructed beings, despite our innate biology, which in no way alters the female being today. This research attempts to contribute to the reorientation of the historical perspective, including women as protagonists, while at the same time, continuing to question how she becomes a woman.
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Keywords
História Mitologia Mulher Sociedade Subjetividade