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A dinâmica da criação de empresas impulsionada por instituições de ensino superior em redes de inovação
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Na época de intensa globalização e de forte competição em que se vive, a criação de empresas contribui para a introdução no sector empresarial de novas tecnologias, novos produtos/serviços e de novas formas de organização, revelando-se um dos factores fundamental para o crescimento económico, criação de emprego, eficiência dos mercados, renovação da estrutura económica, difusão de inovação, bem como para a melhoria da competitividade global das empresas e dos países. Paralelamente, constata-se que as redes de inovação, facilitadoras da redução das incertezas através da cooperação entre os agentes, visam a produção e partilha de conhecimentos e recursos em falta, a partilha de custos e de risco, ganhos de eficiência devido à divisão do trabalho, entre outros benefícios. Nestas redes de inovação, as instituições de ensino superior (IES) assumem um papel de destaque, dado que permitem fomentar e difundir os diversos contributos proporcionados pela rede, não só a nível local e regional, como também a nível nacional e global. O objectivo principal desta investigação visa identificar se as IES impulsionam a criação de empresas, através de redes de inovação. Assim, nesta investigação desenvolveu-se um suporte teórico assente nas actuais abordagens de referência sobre criação de empresas e modelos de redes de inovação. Nele se apresenta a importância das redes de inovação no processo de criação de empresas, dado que estas permitem colmatar debilidades, reforçar os aspectos positivos e, consequentemente, influenciar o processo de criação de empresas. Para a recolha de dados foi efectuado um questionário junto de potenciais empreendedores nascentes, pertencentes às IES, tendo sido recolhidas 241 respostas. Os resultados obtidos, através de análise empírica efectuada, mostram que a cooperação e o desenvolvimento de relacionamentos com outros agentes da rede de inovação surgem como a principal forma das IES estimularem a criação de empresas, também evidenciam que a atitude da IES sobre a criação de empresas influencia a decisão dos potenciais empreendedores nascentes desenvolverem o processo de criação de empresas. Relativamente à identificação dos factores que facilitam a criação de empresas suportada em redes de inovação, destacam-se como principais os actores da rede e os recursos organizacionais; no que concerne à identificação dos factores que dificultam a criação de empresas suportada em redes de inovação, evidenciam-se os factores de conhecimento e a localização. As principais conclusões da presente tese realçam a relevância que a IES possui para o fenómeno da criação de empresas, quando inserida numa rede de inovação.
Faced with the intense globalization and increasing competition of economic activity, the creation of firms contributes to the introduction in the business sector of new technologies, new products/services and new forms of organization, and is shown to be one of the fundamental factors for economic growth, job creation, market efficiency, renewal of economic structure and spread of innovation, as well as for companies and countries improved global competitiveness. In parallel, we find that innovation networks, besides allowing reduced uncertainties through cooperation among agents, aim to produce and share knowledge and scarce resources, share costs and risks, and obtain gains in efficiency due to division of work, among other benefits. In these innovation networks, higher education institutions (HEI) play an important part, since they allow stimulation and spread of the various contributions offered by the network, not only locally and regionally but also nationally and globally. This research aims to analyse whether the firm creation is stimulated by higher education institutions through innovation networks. The literature review makes use of the current approaches of reference to the creation of firms and models of innovation networks. The theoretical approach developed supports the basic idea of the importance of innovation networks in the process of firm creation, since they allow weaknesses to be covered and positive aspects to be strengthened, and consequently influence the process of firm creation. To collect data, a questionnaire was completed by nascent entrepreneurs belonging to HEIs, obtaining 241 answers. The results obtained, through the empirical analysis made, show that cooperation and development of relationships with other agents in the innovation network emerge as the principal way HEIs stimulate company creation, and the results also show that the attitude of the HEI towards company creation influences the decision of the nascent entrepreneurs to go ahead with the process of creating a firm. As for identification of the factors facilitating firm creation supported in innovation networks, the principal ones are network actors and organizational resources. Furthermore, determine identify and analyze the obstacles to firm creation supported in innovation networks, we find that the main factors are knowledge and location. The main conclusions of this thesis highlight the relevance of the HEI in the phenomenon of firm creation, when it is inserted in an innovation network.
Faced with the intense globalization and increasing competition of economic activity, the creation of firms contributes to the introduction in the business sector of new technologies, new products/services and new forms of organization, and is shown to be one of the fundamental factors for economic growth, job creation, market efficiency, renewal of economic structure and spread of innovation, as well as for companies and countries improved global competitiveness. In parallel, we find that innovation networks, besides allowing reduced uncertainties through cooperation among agents, aim to produce and share knowledge and scarce resources, share costs and risks, and obtain gains in efficiency due to division of work, among other benefits. In these innovation networks, higher education institutions (HEI) play an important part, since they allow stimulation and spread of the various contributions offered by the network, not only locally and regionally but also nationally and globally. This research aims to analyse whether the firm creation is stimulated by higher education institutions through innovation networks. The literature review makes use of the current approaches of reference to the creation of firms and models of innovation networks. The theoretical approach developed supports the basic idea of the importance of innovation networks in the process of firm creation, since they allow weaknesses to be covered and positive aspects to be strengthened, and consequently influence the process of firm creation. To collect data, a questionnaire was completed by nascent entrepreneurs belonging to HEIs, obtaining 241 answers. The results obtained, through the empirical analysis made, show that cooperation and development of relationships with other agents in the innovation network emerge as the principal way HEIs stimulate company creation, and the results also show that the attitude of the HEI towards company creation influences the decision of the nascent entrepreneurs to go ahead with the process of creating a firm. As for identification of the factors facilitating firm creation supported in innovation networks, the principal ones are network actors and organizational resources. Furthermore, determine identify and analyze the obstacles to firm creation supported in innovation networks, we find that the main factors are knowledge and location. The main conclusions of this thesis highlight the relevance of the HEI in the phenomenon of firm creation, when it is inserted in an innovation network.
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Criação de empresas - Instituições de ensino superior Criação de empresas - Redes de inovação