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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: O jejum pode ser entendido como a abstinência voluntária de comida ou bebidas
com conteúdo energético ou calórico por períodos que geralmente começam nas 12h e se podem
estender por dias ou semanas. O jejum é praticado desde a antiguidade em que as populações
por razões culturais ou religiosas abstinham-se voluntariamente de comer, como acontece
no Ramadão. O jejum tem vindo gradativamente a ser recomendado para tratamento ou
prevenção de várias doenças e mesmo em indivíduos com saúde que procuram um estilo de
vida mais saudável. Descobertas provenientes de investigações em animais e estudos mais recentes
efetuados em humanos indicam que o jejum pode providenciar estratégias eficazes
para retardar o envelhecimento e aumentar a performance cognitiva.
Objetivos: O objetivo desta revisão é providenciar uma visão abrangente e contextualizada do
impacto do jejum no âmbito da cognição e da longevidade
Métodos: Análise de artigos indexados na base de dados PubMed e Google Scholar, entre outras.
Para efetuar a pesquisa utilizaram-se palavras-chave como “fasting”, “caloric restriction”,
“energy restriction”, “cognition”, “longevity” e “autophagy”.
Resultados: A vasta maioria artigos científicos analisados valida os benefícios do jejum na área
cognitiva onde é destacado o aumento do fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF) e a
cetogénese nas restrições calóricas mais longa, bem como o aumento da longevidade, onde os
mecanismos que desencadeiam a autofagia têm papeis relevantes.
Conclusão: O jejum é uma abordagem não-farmacológica promissora e parece ter efeitos benéficos
no domínio cognitivo e no atraso do envelhecimento. A maior parte dos artigos científicos
revistos demonstraram existir uma correlação positiva entre jejum e as duas áreas investigadas.
Os efeitos positivos incluem o aumento da plasticidade cerebral, da neurogénese e
da biogénese mitocondrial na cognição. A autofagia e os mecanismos que a potenciam podem
ser um potencial alvo para modular a esperança de vida em animais. Ainda não existem indícios
fortes para assegurar que estas inferências têm utilidade prática no nosso quotidiano,
visto que são relativamente escassos os estudos em seres humanos. É relevante que a comunidade
científica se continue a debruçar sobre este tema e que sejam efetuados estudos adicionais
para que futuramente possamos confirmar reconhecer se os seus benefícios são realmente
determinantes para a nossa espécie.
Background: Fasting may be understood as the voluntary abstinence of food or drinks with energy or caloric content for periods that usually start at 12 hours and may extend for days or weeks. Fasting is practiced since antiquity in which people for cultural or religious reasons voluntarily abstain from eating, as happens in Ramadan. Fasting has been gradually being recommended for treatment or prevention of various diseases and even in healthy individuals seeking a healthier lifestyle. Findings from animal research and more recent studies in humans indicate that fasting can provide effective strategies for slowing aging and increasing cognitive performance. Objectives: The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and contextualized view of the impact of fasting on cognition and longevity. Methods: Analysis of indexed articles in the PubMed and Google Scholar database, among others. Key words such as "fasting", "obesity", "diabetes", "caloric restriction", "energy restriction", "cognition", "longevity" were used to carry out the research Results: The vast majority of scientific papers analyzed validates the benefits of fasting in the cognitive area where the enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ketogenesis in longer caloric restrictions are highlighted, as well as increased longevity, where the mechanisms that trigger autophagy have relevant roles. Conclusion: Fasting is a promising non-pharmacological approach and appears to have beneficial effects on the cognitive domain and on the delay of aging. Most of the reviewed scientific papers have shown a positive correlation between fasting and the two studied areas. Positive effects include increased brain plasticity, neurogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in cognition. Autophagy and the mechanisms that potentiate it may be a potential target for modulating animal life expectancy. There is still no strong evidence to ensure that these inferences have practical utility in our daily lives, since studies on humans are relatively scarce. It is important that the scientific community continue to look into this issue and that further studies are carried out so that we can confirm in the future that their benefits are truly determinant for our species.
Background: Fasting may be understood as the voluntary abstinence of food or drinks with energy or caloric content for periods that usually start at 12 hours and may extend for days or weeks. Fasting is practiced since antiquity in which people for cultural or religious reasons voluntarily abstain from eating, as happens in Ramadan. Fasting has been gradually being recommended for treatment or prevention of various diseases and even in healthy individuals seeking a healthier lifestyle. Findings from animal research and more recent studies in humans indicate that fasting can provide effective strategies for slowing aging and increasing cognitive performance. Objectives: The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and contextualized view of the impact of fasting on cognition and longevity. Methods: Analysis of indexed articles in the PubMed and Google Scholar database, among others. Key words such as "fasting", "obesity", "diabetes", "caloric restriction", "energy restriction", "cognition", "longevity" were used to carry out the research Results: The vast majority of scientific papers analyzed validates the benefits of fasting in the cognitive area where the enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ketogenesis in longer caloric restrictions are highlighted, as well as increased longevity, where the mechanisms that trigger autophagy have relevant roles. Conclusion: Fasting is a promising non-pharmacological approach and appears to have beneficial effects on the cognitive domain and on the delay of aging. Most of the reviewed scientific papers have shown a positive correlation between fasting and the two studied areas. Positive effects include increased brain plasticity, neurogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in cognition. Autophagy and the mechanisms that potentiate it may be a potential target for modulating animal life expectancy. There is still no strong evidence to ensure that these inferences have practical utility in our daily lives, since studies on humans are relatively scarce. It is important that the scientific community continue to look into this issue and that further studies are carried out so that we can confirm in the future that their benefits are truly determinant for our species.
Description
Keywords
Autofagia Congnição Jejum Longevidade Restição Calórica Restrição Energética