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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O presente estudo tem como objetivo primordial refletir
e problematizar o funcionamento sintático e semântico
das atuais construções durativas construídas, sob o ponto
de vista sintático, com gerúndio vs. infinitivo gerundivo
em formas ditas perifrásticas. A existência destas duas
estruturas, com a mesma semântica, obriga a tentar saber
por que existe essa duplicidade: socorrer-nos-emos,
para o efeito, de dados diacrónicos. Sendo duas perífrases
com uma semântica determinada (ideia de desenvolvimento
da ação), ir-se-á procurar a estrutura latina que
indicava o mesmo significado, isto é, igualmente uma
perífrase, mas com constituintes diferentes. Estudar-se-á
a substituição da perífrase latina pelas correspondentes
portuguesas e galegas, tentando demonstrar um
conjunto de mudanças que colaboram para uma explicação
da criação da variante nova na superfície frásica.
Por outro lado, atendendo aos constituintes referidos [v.
auxiliar + (conector) + v. principal], far-se-á uma comparação
entre o latim e o português e o galego (o verbo
auxiliar muda do latim – esse – para o português e o galego
– estar – assim como o verbo principal que detém
a significação, no latim, um particípio de presente, e no
português e galego o gerúndio ou o infinitivo gerundivo).
Deste modo, a alteração dos constituintes exige, naturalmente,
um estudo das formas latinas. Terá especial
relevo o gerúndio, com funções no latim muito diferentes
das que possui hoje nas línguas românicas e semelhantes
ao inglês, língua com a qual se comparará (para
uma melhor compreensão da sua pretérita função). Ampliar-
se-á a comparação a outras línguas românicas para
examinar as diferentes ou parecidas soluções. Com todos
os dados coligidos, tentar-se-á justificar a existência das
duas estruturas sintáticas com semântica sinonímica e,
consequentemente, a cronologia dos factos: de acordo
com os registos escritos (desde o século XIII até à atualidade),
procurar-se-á observar qual é a mais antiga e qual
aparece posteriormente, bem como a frequência de uso
no português europeu (PE), no português do Brasil (PB)
e no galego, de cada uma delas. Para o enquadramento
teórico, utilizaremos os princípios defendidos por Mattos
e Silva (1989; 2008, vols. I e II) e, metodologicamente,
para a recolha dos dados, utilizaremos os corpora on-line
disponibilizados por algumas equipas de investigação.
The main objective of the present study is to examine the syntactic and semantic functioning of periphrastic present durative tenses the syntax of which contains either a gerund or an infinitive. The coexistence of both with a similar semantic value raises the question why there are two constructions, which this paper attempts to use diachronic data to answer. Given the existence of two periphrases with the same meaning, namely the idea of action in progress, we will ask how this was expressed in Latin using a different periphrastic construction. The paper traces the process of replacement of the Latin construction by those found in Portuguese and Galician, identifying a series of changes which help to explain how the new construction emerged. Given that the constituents of these constructions are auxiliary verb, (link) and main verb, this approach leads to a comparison between the Latin auxiliary verb esse and the Portuguese/Galician auxiliary estar, and also between the forms taken by the main verb, namely the Latin present participle versus the gerund or gerundial infinitive in Portuguese and Galician; hence the need to analyse the Latin forms. Special emphasis will be laid upon the gerund, which has very different functions in Latin from those which it has acquired in modern Romance languages; the latter are reminiscent of the English gerund, with which the Romance gerund will be compared to achieve a better understanding of its earlier functions. The comparison will be broadened to include other Romance languages so as to examine the similarities and differences in the solutions found. Having compiled all the data, an explanation will then be sought for the coexistence of two synonymous constructions which takes into account the chronology of changes on the basis of written records extending from the thirteenth century to the present day, in order to establish which construction is the older of the two and their frequency in European Portuguese (PE), Brazilian Portuguese (PB) and Galician. The theoretical framework of this study draws on principles defended by Mattos and Silva (1989, 2008, vols I and II); existing corpora are used as sources of data.
The main objective of the present study is to examine the syntactic and semantic functioning of periphrastic present durative tenses the syntax of which contains either a gerund or an infinitive. The coexistence of both with a similar semantic value raises the question why there are two constructions, which this paper attempts to use diachronic data to answer. Given the existence of two periphrases with the same meaning, namely the idea of action in progress, we will ask how this was expressed in Latin using a different periphrastic construction. The paper traces the process of replacement of the Latin construction by those found in Portuguese and Galician, identifying a series of changes which help to explain how the new construction emerged. Given that the constituents of these constructions are auxiliary verb, (link) and main verb, this approach leads to a comparison between the Latin auxiliary verb esse and the Portuguese/Galician auxiliary estar, and also between the forms taken by the main verb, namely the Latin present participle versus the gerund or gerundial infinitive in Portuguese and Galician; hence the need to analyse the Latin forms. Special emphasis will be laid upon the gerund, which has very different functions in Latin from those which it has acquired in modern Romance languages; the latter are reminiscent of the English gerund, with which the Romance gerund will be compared to achieve a better understanding of its earlier functions. The comparison will be broadened to include other Romance languages so as to examine the similarities and differences in the solutions found. Having compiled all the data, an explanation will then be sought for the coexistence of two synonymous constructions which takes into account the chronology of changes on the basis of written records extending from the thirteenth century to the present day, in order to establish which construction is the older of the two and their frequency in European Portuguese (PE), Brazilian Portuguese (PB) and Galician. The theoretical framework of this study draws on principles defended by Mattos and Silva (1989, 2008, vols I and II); existing corpora are used as sources of data.
Description
Keywords
Gerúndio Infinitivo gerundivo Português - Galego Diacronia
Citation
Publisher
Instituto da Lingua Galega - Universidade de Santiago de Compostela