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Authors
Abstract(s)
Nos dias de hoje, e com o uso cada vez mais acentuado de veículos nas cidades, torna-se
progressivamente mais difícil, principalmente em cidades antigas e pouco preparadas
para este fenómeno, encontrar estacionamento ou lugares destinados à imobilização
correta de automóveis. Como a utilização de viaturas, seja para o transporte de pessoas
ou de mercadorias, é indispensável para o bom funcionamento de uma cidade, torna-se
imperativo encontrar soluções inovadoras que visem aliviar e diminuir algumas das
adversidades geradas pelo crescente fluxo de veículos dentro dos municípios.
O tema central desta dissertação é a temática das Smart Cities e de como através do uso
da tecnologia, como por exemplo o Internet of Things (IoT) (uma rede de objetos
interligados uns aos outros através da Internet), se podem formular soluções
inovadoras para resolver questões atuais dentro das cidades. Uma Smart City, ou
‘Cidade Inteligente’ em português, agrega uma série de tecnologias que, quando
combinadas entre si, facilitam a gestão de várias das componentes de uma cidade,
como a gestão da mobilidade, gestão energética, gestão de recursos, entre outras. O
caso de estudo apresentado é o da cidade da Covilhã. Esta cidade é caraterizada por
uma parte mais antiga e histórica que conta com edifícios debilitados e avenidas
estreitas, onde a circulação é difícil e o estacionamento, muitas das vezes, impossível.
Consequentemente, esta área apresenta diversos problemas no que toca à
disponibilização de estacionamento para veículos automóveis. Existem vários espaços,
como silos auto, que podem constituir uma possível solução para alguns dos problemas
verificados na cidade no que toca a esta temática. Contudo, estes carecem da
informação disponibilizada aos automobilistas acerca do seu funcionamento,
localização e número de lugares disponíveis no seu interior em cada momento.
Desta forma, e através da combinação de conceitos como o IoT e a Smart City, são
exploradas neste trabalho, algumas propostas teóricas e práticas para a modernização
destes espaços. Estas propostas contemplam uma aposta na informação, em tempo
real, do número de lugares vagos nos três parques de estacionamento presentes na zona
histórica da cidade, assim como formas de modernizar estas infraestruturas no sentido
de as preparar para albergar veículos elétricos e seus carregamentos. O dispositivo
eletrónico associado consiste num sistema de contagem de veículos dentro dos parques
formado por sensores de ultrassons, uma plataforma eletrónica e um Arduíno. A
solução permite disponibilizar, em tempo real, o número de lugares vagos em cada
parque. Os resultados podem também ser comunicados à distância, de forma a estarem
disponíveis em placas, colocadas em zonas centrais da cidade. Desta forma, os
condutores têm acesso a dados relevantes na hora de estacionar os seus automóveis, e
podem assim fazer uma decisão mais informada. Futuramente, pode ser também
contemplada a possibilidade destas informações estarem disponibilizadas numa
aplicação para smartphone ou num site de Internet.
Nowadays, with the ever-increasing use of vehicles in cities, it is becoming progressively more difficult, especially in old cities that are ill-prepared for this phenomenon, to find parking or places where cars can be correctly immobilized. As the use of vehicles, whether for transporting people or goods, is indispensable for the proper functioning of a city, it is imperative to find innovative solutions that aim to alleviate and reduce some of the adversities generated by the growing flow of vehicles within municipalities. The central theme of this dissertation is Smart Cities and how, through the use of technology, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) (a network of objects interconnected to each other via the Internet), innovative solutions can be formulated to solve current issues within cities. A Smart City brings together a series of technologies which, when combined, facilitate the management of various components of a city, such as mobility management, energy management and resource management, among others. The case study presented is the city of Covilhã. This city is characterized by an older, historic part that has dilapidated buildings and narrow avenues where circulation is difficult and parking is often impossible. As a result, this area has a number of problems when it comes to providing parking for cars. There are a number of spaces, such as parking lots, which could be a possible solution to some of the city's problems in this área. However, they lack information for drivers about how they work, where they are located and the number of spaces available inside them at any given moment. In this way, and through the combination of concepts such as IoT and Smart City, this work explores some theoretical and practical proposals for the modernization of these spaces. These proposals include investing in real-time information on the number of vacant spaces in the three parking lots in the historic part of the city, as well as ways of modernizing these infrastructures to prepare them to accommodate electric vehicles and their charging. The electronic device consists of setting up a vehicle counting system inside the car parks based on ultra-sonic sensors, an electronic platform and an Arduino. The solution enables to provide, in real time, the number of vacant spaces in each park. The results can also be remotely communicated, so that they are available at traffic signs placed in the central areas of the city. In this way, drivers have access to relevant data while parking their cars, so that they can make informed decisions. In the future, it may also be possible for this information to be made available within a smartphone app or website.
Nowadays, with the ever-increasing use of vehicles in cities, it is becoming progressively more difficult, especially in old cities that are ill-prepared for this phenomenon, to find parking or places where cars can be correctly immobilized. As the use of vehicles, whether for transporting people or goods, is indispensable for the proper functioning of a city, it is imperative to find innovative solutions that aim to alleviate and reduce some of the adversities generated by the growing flow of vehicles within municipalities. The central theme of this dissertation is Smart Cities and how, through the use of technology, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) (a network of objects interconnected to each other via the Internet), innovative solutions can be formulated to solve current issues within cities. A Smart City brings together a series of technologies which, when combined, facilitate the management of various components of a city, such as mobility management, energy management and resource management, among others. The case study presented is the city of Covilhã. This city is characterized by an older, historic part that has dilapidated buildings and narrow avenues where circulation is difficult and parking is often impossible. As a result, this area has a number of problems when it comes to providing parking for cars. There are a number of spaces, such as parking lots, which could be a possible solution to some of the city's problems in this área. However, they lack information for drivers about how they work, where they are located and the number of spaces available inside them at any given moment. In this way, and through the combination of concepts such as IoT and Smart City, this work explores some theoretical and practical proposals for the modernization of these spaces. These proposals include investing in real-time information on the number of vacant spaces in the three parking lots in the historic part of the city, as well as ways of modernizing these infrastructures to prepare them to accommodate electric vehicles and their charging. The electronic device consists of setting up a vehicle counting system inside the car parks based on ultra-sonic sensors, an electronic platform and an Arduino. The solution enables to provide, in real time, the number of vacant spaces in each park. The results can also be remotely communicated, so that they are available at traffic signs placed in the central areas of the city. In this way, drivers have access to relevant data while parking their cars, so that they can make informed decisions. In the future, it may also be possible for this information to be made available within a smartphone app or website.
Description
Keywords
Covilhã Estacionamento Inteligente Falta de Estacionamento Internet of Things (Iot) Sistema de Contabilização de Veículos Smart City Veículos Elétricos