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Abstract(s)
A presente tese teve como objetivo principal a identificação do papel das experiências de formação formal e informal no processo de desenvolvimento dos árbitros de futebol em Portugal. Adotou-se uma metodologia retrospetiva mista, implementada ao longo de 3 estudos. Uma abordagem qualitativa foi utilizada para apresentar os percursos e os pressupostos subjacentes às carreiras dos árbitros portugueses de excelência no século XXI, assim como para identificar as suas perceções sobre as alterações no paradigma formativo da arbitragem em Portugal. Para o efeito, foram realizadas cinco entrevistas semiestruturadas junto de árbitros e ex-árbitros de futebol que atingiram o nível de excelência. A abordagem quantitativa foi utilizada para avaliar o impacto do Plano Nacional de Formação de árbitros, bem como para identificar a influência de variáveis pessoais e contextuais no desempenho de 520 árbitros de futebol. Os dados foram recolhidos com base na consulta dos Comunicados Oficiais emitidos pela Federação Portuguesa de Futebol. Os resultados revelaram que a carreira de um árbitro de futebol é marcada definida por caraterísticas pessoais e fatores contextuais. Das primeiras fazem parte uma experiência prévia como jogador federado e a pratica acumulada como árbitro da FPF. De entre os fatores exógenos, sugere-se que: i) a prossecução de estudos se afigura como um constrangimento ao desenvolvimento da carreira de árbitro; ii) as alterações introduzidas no processo formativo dos árbitros portugueses, com a implementação do Plano Nacional de Formação e a criação da Academia de Arbitragem, não contribuíram para a mudança significativa do seu desempenho classificativo. É ainda demonstrado que o desempenho classificativo dos árbitros é influenciado: i) pela sua experiência como árbitros dos quadros nacionais; ii) pela idade; iii) pelo percurso desportivo anterior; iv) pela integração num contexto específico de proximidade a elementos que promovam a aprendizagem de cariz não formal ou informal. Estas evidências fornecem indicadores relevantes para a redefinição da formação dos árbitros e o estabelecimento de programas de desenvolvimento dos elementos mais jovens.
The main objective of this thesis was to identify the role of formal and informal training experiences in the development process of football referees in Portugal. A mixed retrospective methodology was adopted, implemented over 3 studies. A qualitative approach was used to present the paths and assumptions underlying the careers of excellence Portuguese referees in the 21st century, as well as to identify their perceptions about the changes in the formative paradigm of refereeing in Portugal. To this end, five semi-structured interviews were conducted with referees and former football referees who reached the level of excellence. The quantitative approach was used to evaluate the impact of the Training National Plan of referees, as well as to identify the influence of personal and contextual variables on the performance of 520 football referees. The data were collected based on the consultation of the Official Releases issued by the Portuguese Football Federation. The results revealed that the career of a football referee is marked by personal characteristics and contextual factors. The first ones include a previous experience as a federated player and the practice accumulated as an FPF referee. Among the exogenous factors, it is suggested that: i) the existence of further studies appears to be an embarrassment to the development of the career of referee; ii) the changes introduced in the training process of Portuguese referees, with the implementation of the Training National Plan and the creation of the Referee Academy, did not contribute to the significant change in their classification performance. It is also demonstrated that the qualifying performance of the referees is influenced: i) by their experience as referee of the national board; (ii) by age; (iii) by the previous sports route; (iv) integration into a specific context of proximity to elements that promote non-formal or informal learning. This evidence provides relevant indicators for the redefinition of the training of referees and the establishment of development programs for younger elements.
The main objective of this thesis was to identify the role of formal and informal training experiences in the development process of football referees in Portugal. A mixed retrospective methodology was adopted, implemented over 3 studies. A qualitative approach was used to present the paths and assumptions underlying the careers of excellence Portuguese referees in the 21st century, as well as to identify their perceptions about the changes in the formative paradigm of refereeing in Portugal. To this end, five semi-structured interviews were conducted with referees and former football referees who reached the level of excellence. The quantitative approach was used to evaluate the impact of the Training National Plan of referees, as well as to identify the influence of personal and contextual variables on the performance of 520 football referees. The data were collected based on the consultation of the Official Releases issued by the Portuguese Football Federation. The results revealed that the career of a football referee is marked by personal characteristics and contextual factors. The first ones include a previous experience as a federated player and the practice accumulated as an FPF referee. Among the exogenous factors, it is suggested that: i) the existence of further studies appears to be an embarrassment to the development of the career of referee; ii) the changes introduced in the training process of Portuguese referees, with the implementation of the Training National Plan and the creation of the Referee Academy, did not contribute to the significant change in their classification performance. It is also demonstrated that the qualifying performance of the referees is influenced: i) by their experience as referee of the national board; (ii) by age; (iii) by the previous sports route; (iv) integration into a specific context of proximity to elements that promote non-formal or informal learning. This evidence provides relevant indicators for the redefinition of the training of referees and the establishment of development programs for younger elements.
Description
Keywords
Árbitros de Futebol Árbitros de Futebol - Excelência Árbitros de Futebol - Carreira Árbitros de Futebol - Formação Árbitros de Futebol - Expertise