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Abstract(s)
As novas tecnologias vieram alterar os estilos de vida, tendo-se associado ao seu uso excessivo, problemas visuo-posturais. Pretende-se comparar hábitos visuo-posturais associados ao uso de novas tecnologias, em estudantes de diferentes ciclos de estudo, bem como analisar as alterações ao nível da função visual, em especial os erros refrativos, tendo em conta a adoção de hábitos visuo-posturais menos saudáveis.
Participaram voluntariamente 379 estudantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 10 e os 30 anos. Dos participantes, 21,10% frequentam o 2º ciclo, 28,50% o 3º ciclo, 22,43% o ensino secundário e 27,97% o ensino superior. A recolha de dados foi efetuada mediante questionário e aquisição de medidas optométricas, no âmbito da avaliação do estado refrativo e da visão binocular e acomodação. O estudo das diferenças proporcionais foi inferido pelo teste do qui-quadrado e suas variantes.
Verificou-se que os dispositivos digitais mais utilizados são o computador e o smartphone em todos os grupos de ensino, com diferenças significativas nas frequências de uso, onde o computador é mais utilizado no ensino superior e o smartphone no 3º ciclo de estudos. Quanto à carga horária diária de uso, também se encontraram diferenças, constatando-se um maior uso à medida que o nível de ensino avança. Em relação ao uso contínuo também se reportam diferenças entre os ciclos de estudo, onde cerca de 50% do 2º ciclo refere efetuar uma pausa a cada hora de trabalho e apenas 19% dos estudantes do ensino superior se comporta da mesma forma. Observou-se que os sintomas visuais mais comuns são a dor de cabeça, olhos vermelhos, visão desfocada e ardor nos olhos. Verificou-se também que apesar de não serem encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas, existe uma tendência para a presença de miopia em jovens com piores hábitos visuo-posturais.
Registam-se hábitos pouco saudáveis associados ao uso de dispositivos digitais, em todos os ciclos de estudo, observando-se um aumento acentuado à medida que a idade e o nível de ensino avança. Estes comportamentos podem relacionar-se com o desenvolvimento e progressão da miopia, nestas faixas etárias, sugerindo que a implementação de estratégias de educação para a saúde visual, devem ser postas em prática o mais precocemente possível.
Technology has changed lifestyles and visuo-postural problems have been associated with their excessive use. The goals are to assess the visuo-postural habits associated with the use of technological devices, in students from different school grades and realize that changes may exist at the level of refractive errors, taking into account lifestyles. 379 students were inquired, with ages from 10 to 30 years old. From the participants, 21,10% attended the 2nd studies cycle, 28,50% the 3rd studies cycle, 22,43% high school and 27,97% university. Data was collected from applied questionnaires and the performance of optometric tests in the context of the evaluation of the refractive state, binocular vision and accommodation. The study of the differences in proportions were tested with the chi-squared and its variants. It was concluded that, in every age group, the most used technologic devices were the computer and the smartphone, with significant differences in use frequencies, with the computer being mostly used in the university and the smartphone in the 3rd studies cycle. There were also differences in the number of hours of daily use, with the amount of time increasing along the increase in school grade. Regarding the continuous use, there were also significant statistical differences, with 50% of 2nd studies cycle students stating that they have a break from work every hour, while only 19% of university students do the same. Most common visual symptoms were found to be headaches, bloodshot eyes, blurred vision and burning in the eyes. Also, despite no significant statistical differences were found, there is a slight tendency for the development of myopia in the younger age groups with worse visuo-postural habits. There were registered unhealthy habits associated with the use of technologic devices in every school grade, with an increase in gravity that matches the increase in school grade. These behaviors can be related with the development and progression of myopia in these age groups, becoming necessary to promote visual health education.
Technology has changed lifestyles and visuo-postural problems have been associated with their excessive use. The goals are to assess the visuo-postural habits associated with the use of technological devices, in students from different school grades and realize that changes may exist at the level of refractive errors, taking into account lifestyles. 379 students were inquired, with ages from 10 to 30 years old. From the participants, 21,10% attended the 2nd studies cycle, 28,50% the 3rd studies cycle, 22,43% high school and 27,97% university. Data was collected from applied questionnaires and the performance of optometric tests in the context of the evaluation of the refractive state, binocular vision and accommodation. The study of the differences in proportions were tested with the chi-squared and its variants. It was concluded that, in every age group, the most used technologic devices were the computer and the smartphone, with significant differences in use frequencies, with the computer being mostly used in the university and the smartphone in the 3rd studies cycle. There were also differences in the number of hours of daily use, with the amount of time increasing along the increase in school grade. Regarding the continuous use, there were also significant statistical differences, with 50% of 2nd studies cycle students stating that they have a break from work every hour, while only 19% of university students do the same. Most common visual symptoms were found to be headaches, bloodshot eyes, blurred vision and burning in the eyes. Also, despite no significant statistical differences were found, there is a slight tendency for the development of myopia in the younger age groups with worse visuo-postural habits. There were registered unhealthy habits associated with the use of technologic devices in every school grade, with an increase in gravity that matches the increase in school grade. These behaviors can be related with the development and progression of myopia in these age groups, becoming necessary to promote visual health education.
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Keywords
Dispositivos Digitais Ensino Básico Ensino Secundário Ensino Superior Erro Refrativo Hábitos Visuo-Posturais