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Abstract(s)
O desenvolvimento motor assume uma grande importância no desenvolvimento infantil, sendo imprescindível e necessário estudar, analisar e acompanhar as habilidades motoras nos primeiros meses de vida, controlando o processo de desenvolvimento, prevenindo atrasos e/ou problemas em termos motores.
Com esta tese, procuramos contribuir para aumentar o conhecimento científico sobre o desenvolvimento motor das crianças nas primeiras idades. O grande objetivo deste estudo foi perceber como evoluem as habilidades motoras ao longo do desenvolvimento das crianças nos primeiros 48 meses de idade, e verificar se as variáveis presença de irmão e tipo de parto exercem influência no desenvolvimento dessas habilidades. Para responder ao objetivo formulado anteriormente foram desenvolvidos 3 estudos com diferentes desenhos metodológicos.
Num primeiro estudo começamos por adaptar e validar as escalas da “Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2” (Folio & Fewell, 2000) para crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 48 meses em Portugal, tendo para tal recorrido a uma amostra de 392 crianças. O instrumento mostrou-se preciso e fiável para avaliar as habilidades motoras finas e globais das crianças portuguesas dos 12 aos 48 meses, o que viabiliza a sua utilização e credibilidade no contexto nacional, bem como a sua importância nos âmbitos educativo, clínico e científico.
Num segundo estudo fomos procurar saber como evoluem as atividades motoras das crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 48 meses de vida e perceber a relação que existe entre as habilidades motoras globais, as habilidades motoras finas e a idade. Fizeram parte da amostra 405 crianças. Os resultados demonstraram que há uma melhoria destas habilidades à medida que as crianças vão crescendo, salientando-se melhores resultados na Motricidade Fina.
No 3º estudo, procuramos saber se variáveis, como a presença de irmãos e o tipo de parto no nascimento, influenciam o desenvolvimento motor das crianças nos primeiros 48 meses. Fizeram parte da amostra 405 crianças. Os resultados indicam que as crianças que têm irmãos apresentam, em média, melhores resultados em todas as habilidades motoras (globais e finas), tal como as crianças que nasceram de parto eutócico, sendo essas diferenças mais significativas após os dois anos de idade. Esta tese de Doutoramento permite por um lado, disponibilizar um instrumento validado para avaliar o desenvolvimento motor das crianças Portuguesas entre os 12 e os 48 meses e que pode ser usado por profissionais da área da saúde e da educação e por outro lado, contribui para um melhor conhecimento do desenvolvimento motor das crianças nesta faixa etária pouco estudada.
Motor development is of great importance in child development, and it is essential and necessary to study, analyze and monitor motor skills in the first months of life, controlling the development process, preventing delays and / or problems in motor terms. With this thesis, we seek to contribute to increase scientific knowledge about the motor development of children in early ages. The main objective of this study was to understand how motor skills evolve over the development of children in the first 48 months of age, and to verify whether the variables presence of siblings and type of delivery influence the development of these skills. To answer the previously formulated objective, 3 studies were developed with different methodological designs. In a first study, we started by adapting and validating the “Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2” scales (Folio & Fewell, 2000) for children aged between 12 and 48 months in Portugal, using a sample of 392 children. The instrument proved to be accurate and reliable to assess the fine and global motor skills of Portuguese children aged 12 to 48 months, which enables its use and credibility in the national context, as well as its importance in the educational, clinical and scientific fields. In a second study we sought to find out how the motor activities of children aged between 12 and 48 months of age evolve and understand the relationship that exists between global motor skills, fine motor skills and age. 405 children were part of the sample. The results showed that there is an improvement in these skills as the children grow up, with better results in Fine Motor Skills. In the third study, we sought to find out whether variables, such as the presence of siblings and the type of delivery at birth, influence the motor development of children aged between 12 and 48 months. 405 children were part of the sample. The results indicate that children who have siblings present, on average, better results in all motor skills (global and fine), as well as children who were born by eutocic delivery, these differences being more significant after two years of age. This PhD thesis allows, on the one hand, to provide a validated instrument to assess the motor development of Portuguese children between 12 and 48 months and that can be used by health and education professionals and, on the other hand, contributes to a better knowledge of the motor development of children in this under-studied age group.
Motor development is of great importance in child development, and it is essential and necessary to study, analyze and monitor motor skills in the first months of life, controlling the development process, preventing delays and / or problems in motor terms. With this thesis, we seek to contribute to increase scientific knowledge about the motor development of children in early ages. The main objective of this study was to understand how motor skills evolve over the development of children in the first 48 months of age, and to verify whether the variables presence of siblings and type of delivery influence the development of these skills. To answer the previously formulated objective, 3 studies were developed with different methodological designs. In a first study, we started by adapting and validating the “Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2” scales (Folio & Fewell, 2000) for children aged between 12 and 48 months in Portugal, using a sample of 392 children. The instrument proved to be accurate and reliable to assess the fine and global motor skills of Portuguese children aged 12 to 48 months, which enables its use and credibility in the national context, as well as its importance in the educational, clinical and scientific fields. In a second study we sought to find out how the motor activities of children aged between 12 and 48 months of age evolve and understand the relationship that exists between global motor skills, fine motor skills and age. 405 children were part of the sample. The results showed that there is an improvement in these skills as the children grow up, with better results in Fine Motor Skills. In the third study, we sought to find out whether variables, such as the presence of siblings and the type of delivery at birth, influence the motor development of children aged between 12 and 48 months. 405 children were part of the sample. The results indicate that children who have siblings present, on average, better results in all motor skills (global and fine), as well as children who were born by eutocic delivery, these differences being more significant after two years of age. This PhD thesis allows, on the one hand, to provide a validated instrument to assess the motor development of Portuguese children between 12 and 48 months and that can be used by health and education professionals and, on the other hand, contributes to a better knowledge of the motor development of children in this under-studied age group.
Description
Keywords
Desenvolvimento motor Competência motora Desenvolvimento infantil Habilidades motoras Crianças do pré-escolar Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 - PDMS-2