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- Home Birth in Portugal - A Comprehensive Analysis Based on Official Statistical DataPublication . Pintassilgo, Sónia; Santos, Mário JDS; Trindade, Inês; Neves, Dulce M.To date, there are no comprehensive analyses of the official data on home births in Portugal that consider other determinants beyond place of birth, such as the conditions in which births occur or the mothers’ social profiles. The aims of this article were: (1) to describe the characteristics of childbirth in Portugal according to the place of birth, and (2) to analyse the association between home birth assistance and perinatal, neonatal, and infant mortality rates. We performed a descriptive, correlational analysis of the official datasets of live births in Portugal (census-based) produced by the National Institute of Statistics. In 2020, home births had more similarities with hospital births than to births occurring in any “other place”. Furthermore, considering the 1995–2020 timeframe, home births with specialised assistance were negatively correlated with perinatal, neonatal, and infant mortality, and home births with non-specialised professional assistance or those that were unassisted showed a positive correlation with these mortality rates. Home births are heterogenous, and merely referencing the place of birth does not provide enough information. Although it recommended further investigation, this analysis pointed to the need to assure a specific, systematic evaluation of the quality of care in home births that allows for the consistent assessment and improvement of its safety.
- Documentos pré-1975 sobre Timor: antigos, mas não antiquadosPublication . Schouten, Maria Johanna ChristinaA antropologia e o colonialismo português têm um passado em comum. Durante o século XX, os chamados povos indígenas da Ásia e África foram objeto de observação e estudo por numerosos administradores, missionários, militares e cientistas coloniais portugueses. Segue o resumo do posfácio, em língua inglesa: In this book various authors, in their analyses of diverse ethnographic material dating from the colonial period, consider the relationship between anthropology and colonialism on the island of Timor. While the chapters focus on eastern Timor (now Timor-Leste) under Portuguese colonial rule, this Afterword also addresses the western (now Indonesian) part of the island and the ethnographic work carried out in the era of Dutch colonial supremacy, mainly by government officials and missionaries. Hence, some data about western Timor are included in the discussion of themes that are paramount throughout the book, and the use of data on both parts of the Island is recommended for anthropological research. In the final part, mention is made of some Dutch contributions to the ethnography on Timor, and its relationship with the development of theory in anthropology in the 1950s and 1960s.
- Workers’ EU political alignments during the Great RecessionPublication . Freire, André; Cabrita, Luís; Duarte, Mariana Carmo; Lopes, Hugo FerrinhoUsing data from the European Election Study 2014, this article focuses on workers’ EU political alignments during the Great Recession. It deals with two research questions. First, how does the attitude of (manual) workers towards the EU compare to that of the middle and upper classes in the aftermath of the Great Recession? Second, when it comes to workers’ support for the EU, are there systematic differences between countries affected by the crisis? The article finds that, on the one hand, in terms of patterns of workers’ EU political alignments, there are no systematic differences between countries affected to varying degrees by the Great Recession. On the other hand, workers still feel fundamentally detached from the EU, especially when it comes to the manual workers. However, high levels of generalised detachment from the EU are not clearly translated into preferences for Eurosceptic parties, since there are high levels of vote fragmentation.
- How we have been productive when Coronavirus locked us out of UniversityPublication . Nascimento, Andreia; Lopes, Hugo FerrinhoIn the Covid-19 pandemic era researchers and academics worldwide have experienced an unprecedented phenomenon. In this context of uncertainty and instability, academia was not spared the consequences of the new Coronavirus that locked everybody out of university. However, research and academic productivity during these unprecedented times may not have adversely affected projects, students, and their supervisors. Building on the authors’ personal experience this paper highlights some positive impacts of pursuing a PhD during a pandemic, focusing the reflection along two lines: 1) that work during social isolation may be better than ever; and 2) how open science has been crucial in this coronavirus era.
- O Instituto Europeu para a Igualdade de Género (EIGE)Publication . Schouten, Maria Johanna ChristinaOverview of the main activities and achievements of the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), considered in the context of the gender policies in Europe and the factors and developments promoting or thwarting gender equality. EIGE, as an Agency of the European Union, collects, processes and disseminates data on gender relations and aims to stimulate and support decisionmakers to implement policies fostering greater justice in this area. This text is a chapter in a general book, in the Portuguese language, on diverse institutions of the European Union.
- The colonial anthropology of Timor revisitedPublication . Schouten, Maria Johanna ChristinaDraft paper prepared on the eve of independence of Timor-Leste (1999) looking back at the anthropological studies made in the island, in particular by Portuguese anthropologists authorized by the Estado Novo regime (1926-1974).
- Kontribusi di tengah kemunduran demokrasiPublication . Schouten, Maria JohannaPreface to a study of political processes at local and regional level in Indonesia, highlighting the areas of Sumenep (eastern Madura) and Manado (northern Sulawesi) in the first years of the new millennium, following the collapse of the authoritarian regime of president Suharto. The processes of decentralization and the measures intended to bring about democratization, which were then initiated, had a diversity of effects.
- Chauffeuring parenthood: the everyday travel times of familiesPublication . Schouten, Maria Johanna Christina; Las Heras, SoledadThe time parents dedicate to the routine transport of their children has increased significantly since the second half of the twentieth century. This change was triggered by various developments, including new forms of parenthood, the central place the car has come to occupy in society and the tendency to urban dispersion. The article addresses the coordination efforts made by families to provide transport for their children to and from schools, nurseries or extracurricular activities. It focuses on the meaning parents attribute to the time spent on this transport, and on gender differences in this type of time allocation. To illustrate this point, analyses have been made of qualitative and quantitative data obtained in the context of a research on the use of time and technology in families, in the Portuguese districts of Castelo Branco and Braga, during the period 2010‐12. The principal revelations of this research are the diversities but also general trends in representations and practices regarding temporalities and transport shown in interviews and focus group discussions. It was found that parents interviewed considered time devoted to routine transport of their children a care task; and, linked to this, mothers bore the brunt of this fragmented and time-consuming activity
- Constructing a national identity in Timor-Leste: ReflectionsPublication . Schouten, Maria Johanna ChristinaIn May 2002, when its independence was formally established, Timor-Leste became the latest of the former Portuguese colonies that had to come to terms with its colonial heritage. But this was not its only challenge, as this territory had been occupied by its neighbour Indonesia in the period 1975-1999, entailing misery for the population and an ‘Indonesiazation’ of their cultural expressions and institutions. The new state of Timor-Leste needed to conquer respect on the world stage – on the map it is a dwarf between the giants of Indonesia and Australia – and also legitimacy among its citizens, where problems triggered in particular by the Indonesian occupation still lingered. Therefore, the closely-connected processes of state-building, nation-building and identity-building have been going on until now. The state and several linked organizations such as the educational institutions are highly involved in the promotion of the ‘feeling of belonging’ to Timor-Leste among the citizens. Factors which complicate this identity-construction include internal rivalries, the cultural influence of Indonesia, and the great heterogeneity of the population, which counts about twenty ethnolinguistic groups. In the paper several dimensions and symbolic objects and events that are created and activated for the construction of a national identity are examined. These are the flag and anthem, language, religion, monuments, the cult of national heroes, and national celebrations. In most of these dimensions elements of perceived national culture as well as of Portuguese legacy are interwoven. The paper is based on documental research and interviews and observations in Timor-Leste during November 2016. PowerPoint, not the written texto, available.
- Distance and proximity: social sciences and their approach to ‘other cultures’Publication . Schouten, Maria Johanna ChristinaIn this farewell lecture, some topics related to the question of culture contact are addressed. These include the various ways in which other cultures are observed and judged, with special attention paid to the approach taken by the social sciences; practices of anthropological fieldwork; and the various, historically changing attitudes and practices adopted by the so-called Western world towards other cultures, in particular those in Asia. The text is an English version of the Portuguese original.