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- Lean Laboratory – Proposta de Aplicação de Lean a Laboratórios de Ensino e InvestigaçãoPublication . Marcelino, Sara Débora Morgado; Lima, Tânia Daniela Felgueiras de Miranda; Gaspar, Pedro Miguel de Figueiredo Dinis OliveiraDesde o seu surgimento na indústria automóvel, a aplicação da filosofia Lean expandiu-se a diversas organizações, manufatureiras e não manufatureiras, com o objetivo de reduzir os desperdícios. Apesar desta filosofia se estar a tornar popular, inclusivamente em organizações que fornecem serviços, existem poucos estudos que apliquem ferramentas Lean aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Além disso, a literatura não contém Modelos de Apoio à Decisão, baseados na filosofia Lean, apropriados à gestão de stocks em laboratórios de ensino e investigação. Perante esta lacuna na literatura, foram utilizadas ferramentas Lean, nomeadamente, o 5S, a Gestão Visual e o Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) para melhorar a organização do espaço e, consequentemente, a eficiência das atividades de investigação e ensino desenvolvidas num laboratório universitário de robótica e automação. Adicionalmente, foi concebido um Modelo de Apoio à Decisão que consiste num e-kanban para a gestão de stocks em laboratórios de ensino e investigação. As fórmulas matemáticas incorporadas neste modelo permitem determinar quando e em que quantidade se deve efetuar uma encomenda, levando em consideração fatores como as variações da procura de componentes ao longo do ano letivo, o nível de procura (alto ou baixo) de cada artigo e a deterioração a que os componentes mais frágeis estão sujeitos. Para a testagem do Modelo de Apoio à Decisão, utilizou-se como exemplo um conjunto de artigos que integra o protocolo de uma atividade laboratorial. A aplicação das ferramentas Lean permitiu reduzir movimentos desnecessários e tempos de espera. Comparando o tempo de preparação para efetuar um procedimento experimental no laboratório do estudo de caso antes e depois da implementação de ferramentas Lean, verificou-se uma redução de 93%.
- Sustainable Agricultural Practices for the Production of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Evidence and RecommendationsPublication . Marcelino, Sara; Hamdane, Samia; Gaspar, Pedro Dinis; Paço, Arminda doAs the demand for medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) increases, so does the pressure to intensify production, increasing the risk of overexploitation of these natural resources. Therefore, both consumers and companies must commit to sustainable practices. Since sustainable practices in MAP production are scattered in the literature, this study aims to provide a comprehensive compilation of agricultural practices to improve sustainable performance in productive activities. This study collects recommended practices for cultivation, harvesting, drying, extraction of essential oils, and packaging, based on guidelines published by the World Health Organization, the European Herb Growers Association, and the European Medicines Agency, and presents complementary information from scientific papers and the Food and Agriculture Organization. Since the circular economy is considered one of the solutions to foster sustainability, the potential for valorising residues from MAP processing is also highlighted. This study allowed us to identify a set of key parameters that should be monitored in MAP production, which may be a starting point for designing a sustainability assessment tool for the sector. By presenting examples of circular economy approaches, this research can help producers to identify new business opportunities.
- Lean Laboratory- Designing an Application of Lean for Teaching and Research LaboratoriesPublication . Marcelino, Sara; Lima, Tânia M.; Gaspar, Pedro DinisAlthough Lean Thinking (LT) is becoming popular in service organizations, few studies have applied Lean tools to the education sector. Furthermore, although inventories are one of the main wastes in this sector, to date, no study has presented a decision support system (DSS), based on LT, for stock management in academic institutions. This study aims to design an application of LT in teaching and research laboratories to provide improvements in workplace organization, setup times, and stock management. Lean tools were implemented in a case study, and an e-Kanban DSS was designed to determine when and in what quantity an order should be placed, considering factors such as forecasting demand, demand level (high or low), and component deterioration. For testing the DSS, a simulation was carried out using as an example a set of articles that integrate the protocol of laboratory activity. The implementation of Lean tools improved the organization of the workplace, which contributed to a reduction in unnecessary movements and the setup time of practical activities. Additionally, the study demonstrated that the developed DSS calculates the quantities to be ordered according to the selected mathematical formulas and generates appropriate visual alerts, depending on the need to place an order.
- Decision support system for the application of lean healthcare in stock management in health facilitiesPublication . Agostinho, Ana; Guilherme, Henrique; Marcelino, Sara; Lima, Tânia M.; Gaspar, Pedro DinisThe scarcity of consumables in health facilities has important implications for the quality of healthcare services, the user’s well-being, and costs. The negative impacts associated with the lack of necessary products for the treatment of patients can be minimized by applying the Lean philosophy to stock management in healthcare facilities. Therefore, an easy-to-use virtual Kanban decision support system with low implementation costs was created. The quantitative model includes the calculation of maximum and minimum stocks for each item and makes it possible to determine the level of urgency for placing orders. This model presupposes the classification of items according to the level of demand, providing, depending on that classification, the quantity to be purchased. The inventory optimization system is described and then tested using the items of a first-aid kit
- Sustainable Waste Management in the Production of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - A Systematic ReviewPublication . Marcelino, Sara; Gaspar, Pedro Dinis; Paço, Arminda doWithout a Sustainable Waste Management (SWM) system, the growing demand for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) can also lead to a considerable increase in the waste generated by the industry. Since MAP residues have a notable potential to be valorised, the implementation of Circular Economy (CE) solutions can play a central role in converting waste into economic opportunities, while fostering a sustainable planet. CE helps to mitigate environmental and social risks caused by the accumulation of biomass by turning waste into valuable products. A systematic review was conducted, aiming to identify potential applications for the valorisation of MAP residues under a sustainable approach. A total number of 47 studies were analysed, providing a novel compilation of possibilities for decision makers in the MAP industry to develop new products for crop management or new businesses in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, chemical, paper, or building industries. Researchers in this field have focused more on the industrial value of MAP residues than on the empirical assessment of environmental and economic benefits. Further investigation should be undertaken to present empirical applications and to develop a decision support system to assess the sustainable performance of valorisation options.