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| Citação | 47.82 KB | Adobe PDF | ||
| Abstract, Resumo | 76.36 KB | Adobe PDF | ||
| Agradecimentos | 53.69 KB | Adobe PDF | ||
| Abreviaturas | 36.11 KB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Existem actualmente inúmeras ideias contraditórias no que concerne à eficácia e segurança
de algumas abordagens terapêuticas alternativas para o controle da obesidade e suas comorbilidades.
Com esta Monografia pretendeu-se fazer uma revisão bibliográfica do
impacto de um Regime Hipoglucídico, uma das terapêuticas menos convencionais mais em
voga, no Perfil Lipídico, um dos parâmetros constituintes do Risco Cardiovascular. Os
principais objectivos foram 1) a sistematização das alterações que ocorrem no perfil
lipídico, 2) avaliar se as alterações vão no sentido de uma melhoria do perfil lipídico e,
consequentemente, da diminuição do risco cardiovascular e se 3) são mais eficazes na
melhoria do perfil lipídico do que as induzidas por uma dieta hipolipídica. Pretendeu-se
ainda fazer uma breve revisão sobre a obesidade e as suas abordagens terapêuticas, bem
como sobre as dietas hipoglucídicas.
Para isso, efectuou-se uma pesquisa electrónica no PubMed, Medline, Medscape, Google
Scholar e Cochrane, e em alguns sites das principais entidades nacionais e internacionais
relacionadas com a obesidade, tendo-se seleccionado 83 artigos para a elaboração desta
tese. Após a análise destes observou-se que os regimes hipoglucídicos provocam a redução
acentuada dos triacilgliceróis (TAG), o aumento do HDL e alterações do tipo das partículas
de LDL de pequenas e densas para grandes e leves, pelo que se conclui serem de facto
eficazes na melhoria do perfil lipídico. Observou-se ainda que esta eficácia aumenta se o
regime hipoglucídico se caracterizar também por ser hipocalórico, com baixo teor de
lípidos (os quais devem ser predominantemente monoinsaturados) e alto teor proteico, e
ainda com suplementação de ácidos gordos essenciais.
Observou-se que as dietas hipoglucídicas são descritas como tão ou mais eficazes do que
as hipolipídicas na melhoria do perfil lipídico, num regime hipoglucídico que não contenha
uma elevada percentagem de gordura. Num contexto a curto-prazo, estes regimes são descritos como eficazes e seguros. Concluise,
assim, que é razoável sugerir um regime hipoglucídico como alternativa para alguns
indivíduos que necessitam de melhorar o perfil lipídico. É, todavia, essencial que exista um
acompanhamento especializado durante todo o processo. É também imperativa a realização
de estudos que avaliem os benefícios na diminuição da aterogenicidade lipídica e a
segurança destas dietas a longo-prazo, por ser uma área com muito pouca evidência
acumulada.
Nowadays, there are many controversial opinions about the efficiency and safety of some alternative therapies for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. This thesis intended to review the efects of a low carbohydrate diet, one of the most popular alternative therapeutics, on the Lipidic Profile, one of the components of the Cardiovascular Risk. The main goals were 1) to review all the changes that can occur in the lipidic profile, 2) to access if these changes go towards the improvement of the lipidic profile and hence decrease the cardiovascular risk and if 3) they are more effective at improving the lipidic profile than low-fat diets. It was also intended to perform a brief review on obesity and its therapeutic aproaches, as well as on low-carb diets. To do so, an electronic research was made using PubMed, Medline, Medscape, Google Scholar and Cochrane, and even some websites of the main national and international obesity-related entities, from which 83 articles were selected to elaborate this thesis. After careful evaluation, the main results were that low-carb diets greatly reduce Triacilglycerol (TAG)levels, increase HDL levels , and shift the LDL particles from small and dense to big and light, leading to the conclusion that these diets are indeed effective in the improvement of lipidic profile. It was also seen that if the low-carb diet was also a low-fat (and if the fat provided was monoinsaturated), high-protein diet, and if it was in addiction suplemented with essential fatty acids, this effect was even enhanced. Low-carb diets are described as being as effective as or even more effective than low-fat diets, on improving the lipidic profile, in the context of a low-carb diet that doesn’t have a high amount of fat. In the short outcome, these diets are described as being effective and safe. Thus, it is reasonable to sugest a low-carb diet as an alternative in individuals who need to improve their lipidic profile. However, it is essential that this program is done under medical supervision. Studies that access the benefits on diminished lipidic aterogenicity and the safety of theses diets on the long term are needed, as this is an area where little is known.
Nowadays, there are many controversial opinions about the efficiency and safety of some alternative therapies for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. This thesis intended to review the efects of a low carbohydrate diet, one of the most popular alternative therapeutics, on the Lipidic Profile, one of the components of the Cardiovascular Risk. The main goals were 1) to review all the changes that can occur in the lipidic profile, 2) to access if these changes go towards the improvement of the lipidic profile and hence decrease the cardiovascular risk and if 3) they are more effective at improving the lipidic profile than low-fat diets. It was also intended to perform a brief review on obesity and its therapeutic aproaches, as well as on low-carb diets. To do so, an electronic research was made using PubMed, Medline, Medscape, Google Scholar and Cochrane, and even some websites of the main national and international obesity-related entities, from which 83 articles were selected to elaborate this thesis. After careful evaluation, the main results were that low-carb diets greatly reduce Triacilglycerol (TAG)levels, increase HDL levels , and shift the LDL particles from small and dense to big and light, leading to the conclusion that these diets are indeed effective in the improvement of lipidic profile. It was also seen that if the low-carb diet was also a low-fat (and if the fat provided was monoinsaturated), high-protein diet, and if it was in addiction suplemented with essential fatty acids, this effect was even enhanced. Low-carb diets are described as being as effective as or even more effective than low-fat diets, on improving the lipidic profile, in the context of a low-carb diet that doesn’t have a high amount of fat. In the short outcome, these diets are described as being effective and safe. Thus, it is reasonable to sugest a low-carb diet as an alternative in individuals who need to improve their lipidic profile. However, it is essential that this program is done under medical supervision. Studies that access the benefits on diminished lipidic aterogenicity and the safety of theses diets on the long term are needed, as this is an area where little is known.
Description
Keywords
Dieta hipoglucídica Perfil lipídico - Risco cardiovascular Obesidade Lipoproteínas Colesterol total Regime hipoglucídico - Obesidade
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Publisher
Universidade da Beira Interior